E
Acronyms
ACA Acetoacetate
ACES Army Center of Excellence, Subsistence
ACL Acetyl-L-Carnitine
AD Alzheimer’s disease
ADA American Dietetic Association
ADAS-Cog Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale
ADP Adenosine diphosphate
AED Anti-epileptic drug(s)
AI Adequate Intake
ALA Alpha-linolenic acid
ARDS Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
ALS Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
AMDR Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range
AMP Adenosine monophosphate
AMPK 5′ AMP-activated protein kinase
AOC Alteration of Consciousness/Mental State
ASPEN American Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition
ATP Adenosine 5′-triphosphate
ARDS Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
bAMC Bilateral anterior medial cortex
BBB Blood-brain barrier
BCAA Branched-chain amino acids
BDNF Brain-derived neurotrophic factor
BI Barthel Index
BMI Body Mass Index
BOH β-hydroxyburate
BTF Brain Trauma Foundation
Ca2+ Intracellular calcium
CaEDTA Calcium disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate
CaMKII Calcium/calmodulin dependent kinase I
CCI Controlled cortical impact
CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
CDP-choline Cytidine 5′–diphosphocholine
CI Confidence Interval
CI Cerebral infarction
CNS Central nervous system
CNS Canadian Neurological Score
COBRIT Citicoline Brain Injury Treatment
CREB Cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding
CSF Cerebral spinal fluid
CSWF Continuous spikes and waves during slow sleep
CT Computerized tomography
CTE Chronic traumatic encephalopathy
CVA Cerebrovascular disease
CVD Cardiovascular disease
DAI Diffuse axonal injury
DCI Delayed cerebral ischemia
DFE Dietary folate equivalents
DHA Docosahexaenoic acid
DM Diabetes mellitus
DMSO Dimethyl sulfoxide
DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid
DoD Department of Defense
DRI Dietary Reference Intakes
DRS Disability Rating Scores
DVBIC Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center
DWI Diffusion-weighted imaging
EAR Estimated Average Requirements
EBG Evidence-Based Guidelines
EDTA Ethylene diamine teta-acetic acid (typically in the form of a salt)
EEG Electroencephalography
EGb Ginkgo biloba extract
EN Enteral Nutrition
EPA Eicosapentaenoic acid
ESPEN European Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition
FAST-MAG Field Administration of Stroke Therapy—Magnesium
FFA Free fatty acid(s)
FMD Flow-mediated dilatation
fMRI Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
FP Fluid percussion
FSCM Food Service Contract Management
FSMB Food Service Management Board
GABA Gamma-aminobutyric acid
GABAA Gamma-aminobutyric acid type A
GCS Glasgow Coma Scale
GFAP Glial fibrillary acidic protein
GHB Gamma hydroxybutyrate
GOS Glasgow Outcome Score
GRV Gastric residual volume
GSH Glutathione
HIF-1 Hypoxia-inducible factor 1
HR Hazard ratio
ICP Intracranial pressure
ICU Intensive care unit
IED Improvised explosive devices
IGF-I Insulin-like growth factor
IL-1 Interleukin-1
i.m. intramuscularly/intramuscular
IMAGES Intravenous Magnesium Efficacy in Stroke
IOM Institute of Medicine
IRB Institutional Review Board
IU International Units
i.v. Intravenously/intravenous
JCCoE Joint Culinary Center of Excellence
LDL Low-density lipoprotein
LDL-c Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
LOC Loss of Consciousness
LOS Length of hospital stay
MCT Medium-chain triglycerides
MDA Malondialdehyde
MDRI Military Dietary Reference Intake
Mg Magnesium
MgSO4 Magnesium sulfate
MI Myocardial infarction
MRE Meal, Ready to Eat
MRI Magnetic resonance imaging
mRS Modified Rankin Scale
MT Metallothionein
mTBI Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
MWM Morris water maze
Na Sodium
NAD+ Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
NE Niacin equivalents
NGF Nerve growth factor
NHANES National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
NICU Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
NIH National Institutes of Health
NIHSS NIH Stroke Scale
NMDA N-methyl-D-aspartate
NO Nitric oxide
NPD1 Neuroprotectin D1
NSE Neuron specific enolase
NSOR Nutritional standards for operational rations
NT-3 Neurotrophin 3
OEF Operation Enduring Freedom
OIF Operation Iraqi Freedom
OR Odds ratio
Oxy-Hb Oxy-hemoglobin
PARP Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase
PICO Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome
PN Parenteral Nutrition
PTA Post Traumatic Amnesia
PTSD Posttraumatic stress disorder
PUFA Polyunsaturated fatty acid(s)
RCT Randomized control trial
RDA Recommended Dietary Allowances
RMR Resting Metabolic Rate
RNA Ribonucleic acid
ROS Reactive oxygen species
RQ Respiratory quotient
RR Risk ratio
RXR Retinoic acid receptor
SAH Subarachnoid hemorrhage
SCCM Society of Critical Care Medicine
SDNN Standard deviation of normal RR intervals
SEM Standard error of mean
SGZ Subgranular zone
SIRT1 Sirtuin-1
SOD Superoxide dismutase
SVX Subventricular zone
TBD To be determined
TBI Traumatic brain injury
TEF Thermal effect of food
TNF Tumor necrosis factor
TPN Total parenteral nutrition
TUNEL Transferase-mediated biotinylated dUTP nick-end labeling
UCP Uncoupling protein
UL Tolerable Upper Intake Level