This page in the original is blank. |
Appendix A Workshop Agenda
BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY IN MARINE SYSTEMS
May 24–26, 1994
NAS/NAE Arnold and Mabel Beckman Center Irvine, CA
Tuesday, May 24, 1994
Remarks from Co-Chairs and National Research Council Ocean Studies Board and the Board on Biology
Introduction of Participants
Presentation of Workshop Structure
The Focus (S. Palumbi)
Environmental Questions/Regional-Scale Approaches (J. Jackson)
Issues in Taxonomy (L. Watling)
Open Discussion
Charge to Working Groups (C.A. Butman and J. Carlton)
*Working Groups: (A) Identification of Critical Environmental Issues
Reconvene: Working Group Reports (10 minutes each)
Open Discussion
Working Group A: Synthesis and Discussion (C.A. Butman and J. Carlton)
*Working Groups: (B) Identify Representative Regional-Scale Systems
Reconvene: Working Group Reports
Open Discussion and Synthesis
Adjourn
Wednesday, May 25, 1994
Working Group B: Synthesis and Discussion (C.A. Butman and J. Carlton)
*Working Groups: (C) Specific Biodiversity Research Questions
Reconvene: Working Group Reports
Open Discussion
Working Group C: Synthesis and Discussion (C.A. Butman and J. Carlton)
**Concurrent Working Groups: (D) Taxonomy, (E) Methods and Techniques
Reconvene: Working Group Reports
Open Discussion
Thursday, May 26,1994
Working Groups D and E: Synthesis and Discussion (C.A. Butman and J. Carlton)
**Concurrent Working Groups: (F) Logistics and Coordination, (G) Products and Information Dissemination
Reconvene: Working Group Reports
Open Discussion
Presentation and Discussion of Research Initiative (includes synthesis of Working Groups F and G)
Federal Agency Perspectives
Closing Remarks (Co-Chairs and National Research Council Ocean Studies Board/Board on Biology)
Adjourn Workshop
Appendix B Workshop Participants
BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY IN MARINE SYSTEMS
May 24–26, 1994
NAS/NAE Arnold and Mabel Beckman Center Irvine, CA
Committee Members
Cheryl Ann Butman, Co-Chair, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
James Carlton, Co-Chair, Williams College—Mystic Seaport
George Boehlert, NOAA/NMFS, Southwest Fisheries Science Center
Susan Brawley, University of Maine
Edward DeLong, University of California—Santa Barbara
J. Frederick Grassle, Rutgers University
Jeremy Jackson, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute
Simon Levin,* Princeton University
Arthur Nowell,* University of Washington
Robert Paine, University of Washington
Stephen Palumbi, University of Hawaii
Geerat Vermeij,* University of California—Davis
Les Watling, University of Maine
Scientific Participants
Mark Abbott, Oregon State University
Robert Andersen, Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences
Karl Banse, University of Washington
Mark Bertness, Brown University
Martin Buzas, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution
Robert Carney, Louisiana State University/Coastal Ecology Institute
Sallie (Penny) Chisholm, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Jeremy Collie, University of Rhode Island
Dan Costa, University of California—Santa Cruz
Mike Dagg, Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium
Jonathan Geller, University of North Carolina—Wilmington
W. Rockwell (Rocky) Geyer, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Richard Grosberg, University of California—Davis
Loren Haury, Scripps Institution of Oceanography
Mark Hay, University of North Carolina—Chapel Hill
James Hollibaugh, Tiburon Center—San Francisco State University
Nancy Knowlton, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute
Thomas Kocher, University of Delaware
Rikk Kvitek, Moss Landing Marine Laboratories
Jane Lubchenco, Oregon State University
Laurence Madin, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Mark Ohman, Scripps Institution of Oceanography
Jeanine Olsen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
Charles (Pete) Peterson, University of North Carolina—Chapel Hill
Thomas Powell, University of California—Davis
James Quinn, University of California—Davis
Leslie Rosenfeld, Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute
Carl Safina, National Audubon Society
Thomas Schmidt, Michigan State University
Theodore Smayda, University of Rhode Island
Diane Stoecker, University of Maryland—Horn Point Laboratories
David Thistle, Florida State University
Elizabeth Venrick, Scripps Institution of Oceanography
Susan Williams, San Diego State University
Anne Michelle Wood, University of Oregon
Federal Agency Representatives
Randall Alberte, Office of Naval Research
Peter Barile, National Science Foundation
Roger Griffis, NOAA, Office of the Chief Scientist
Aleta Hohn, NOAA, National Marine Fisheries Service
Steve Jameson,* NOAA, Office of Resources, Conservation, and Assessment
Michael Sissenwine, NOAA, National Marine Fisheries Service
Phillip Taylor, National Science Foundation
Donna Turgeon, NOAA, Office of Resources, Conservation, and Assessment
Donna Wieting, NOAA, Office of the Chief Scientist
Scientific Press
Marguerite Holloway, Scientific American
NRC
Eric Fischer, Board on Biology
Morgan Gopnik, Commission on Geosciences, Environment, and Resources
Mary Hope Katsouros, Ocean Studies Board
LaVoncyé Mallory, Ocean Studies Board
Mary Pechacek, Ocean Studies Board
David Wilmot, Ocean Studies Board
Appendix C Acronyms
AID
Agency for International Development
AMLC
Association of Marine Laboratories of the Caribbean
ASC
Association of Systematics Collections
BB
Board on Biology
CalCOFI
California Cooperative Ocean Fisheries Investigations
CARICOMP
Caribbean Coastal Marine Productivity
CENR
Committee on Environment and Natural Resources
EPA
Environmental Protection Agency
GESAMP
Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Pollution
GIS
Geographical Information Systems
GLOBEC
Global Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics
ICSU
International Council of Scientific Unions
IUBS
International Union of Biological Sciences
IUMS
International Union of Microbiological Sciences
JGOFS
Joint Global Ocean Flux Study
MARS
Marine Research Stations Network
MASZP
Moored, Automated, Serial Zooplankton Pump
MGI
Microbial Genome Initiative
NAML
National Association of Marine Laboratories
NAS
National Academy of Sciences
NBS
National Biological Service
NIH
National Institutes of Health
NMFS
National Marine Fisheries Service
NOAA
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
NRC
National Research Council
NSF
National Science Foundation
NSTC
National Science and Technology Council
OMP
Ocean Margins Program
OSB
Ocean Studies Board
PAHs
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
PCBs
polychlorinated biphenols
PCR
polymerase chain reaction
RSVP
Rapid Sampling Vertical Profiler
SAML
Southern Association of Marine Laboratories
SCOPE
Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment
UCAR
University Corporation for Atmospheric Research
UNESCO
United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization
VPR
Video Plankton Recorder
WCMC
World Conservation Monitoring Center
Appendix D Glossary
A
algal symbiont
see zooxanthellae
anadromous
referring to the annual migratory behavior of adult fish (such as salmon, shad, striped bass, and lamprey) from the ocean into freshwater rivers and lakes in order to spawn
anoxia
the absence of oxygen in water and sediments
B
benthic
living on or in the bottom (in contrast to pelagic)
biota
all of the living organisms (plants, animals, protists, fungi, and so on) in a given region
C
chemoautotrophic
referring to the ability to obtain energy through chemosynthesis, i.e., the oxidation of simple compounds (oxidation is a chemical reaction in which oxygen is gained, or hydrogen or electrons are lost, from a compound)
D
dinoflagellate
a microscopic plant, characterized by having two lash-like structures (flagella) used for locomotion, often abundant in the open ocean; many produce light and are one of the primary contributors to bioluminescence in the ocean. Some dinoflagellates, known as zooxanthellae, are symbiotic in the tissues of corals and other tropical organisms
E
epipelagic
referring to the top 200 meters of the ocean
eutrophication
nutrient enrichment, typically in the form of nitrates and phosphates, often from human sources such as agriculture, sewage, and urban runoff
G
gyre
a circular system of water movement
H
hydrothermal vent
an opening in the deep-sea floor out of which rises water that has been heated by contact with molten rock; this water is often rich in
dissolved compounds, such as hydrogen sulfide, which are the primary source of energy for the chemoautotrophic bacteria that form the base of vent community food webs
hypoxia
low concentrations of oxygen in water and sediments
L
littoral
the ocean shore, including the rocky intertidal, sandy beaches, and salt marshes
M
mariculture
the growing of marine animals and plants under specialized culture conditions
mesopelagic
referring to depths between 200 to 1,000 meters in the ocean
N
nekton
swimming organisms that are able to move independently of water currents (as opposed to plankton). These include most fish, mammals, turtles, sea snakes, and aquatic birds.
O
oligonucleotide
a few nucleotides joined together; a nucleotide is a compound formed of one molecule each of a sugar, of phosphoric acid, and of a base containing nitrogen. The nucleic acids DNA and RNA are molecules made of a large number of nucleotides.
oligotrophic
low in nutrients and in primary production
P
pelagic
living in the water column (in contrast to benthic)
photosynthesis
chemical reactions in plants and plant-like organisms whereby the sun's energy is absorbed by the green pigment chlorophyll, permitting carbon dioxide and water to be synthesized into carbohydrates accompanied by the release of water and oxygen
picoplankton
planktonic organisms ranging in size from 0.2 to 2.0 micrometers (there are 1,000 micrometers in one millimeter, and 25.4 millimeters in one inch)
plankton
floating and drifting organisms that have limited swimming abilities and that are carried largely passively with water currents (as opposed to nekton). These include bacteria (bacterioplankton), plants and plant-like organisms (phytoplankton) and the animals (zooplankton) that eat them.
polythetic
classification of organisms based upon a combination of a large number of characteristics, not all of which are possessed by every member of the group
prochlorophyte
bacteria that are the smallest photosynthetic cells (less than one micrometer; see picoplankton) in the open ocean; nearly ubiquitous in the sea
prokaryote
an organism whose DNA is a strand within the cell, and is not contained within a nucleus; bacteria and blue-green algae are prokaryotes
propagule
a dispersal stage of a plant or animal, such as fertilized eggs, larvae, or seeds
protogynous hermaphroditism
a sexual condition in which female organs or gametes develop first, followed by the development of male organs or gametes, in the same individual
S
stability
the ability of a given assemblage of organisms to withstand disturbance without a major change in the number of species or individuals
T
trophic
referring to the nutrients available to and used within a population, community, or ecosystem
U
ultraviolet radiation
radiation beyond the violet (high energy) end of the visible light spectrum. UV-B is the middle range wave-length of the three UV bands, and is largely absorbed in the Earth's atmospheric ozone layer; prolonged exposure to UV-B can be biologically damaging.
Z
zooxanthellae
symbiotic dinoflagellates in corals and other organisms