Index
A
Actuarial information, 285
Adolescents
abuse reporting requirements, 296
health care services, 234, 308
juvenile delinquency, 13, 108, 264, 269-270
Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System, 84
Adult protective services
domestic violence, see Shelters
elder abuse, 2, 38, 115-116, 184, 232
risk severity, 285
see also Protective orders
Advocacy programs, 2, 15, 16-17, 65, 66, 206, 264, 277
child maltreatment, 2, 160, 164, 171, 233-234, 262, 265, 266
domestic violence, 113-114, 120, 152-153, 182-183, 224, 228, 229, 231, 233-234
Age factors
child maltreatment, 41, 49, 106, 107, 108, 168, 169, 170
child placement services, 106, 107, 108
domestic violence, 41-42
perpetrators, 41-42
prevention efforts, 207, 208-209
Alcohol and drug abuse, 270-271, 278, 309, 313
child maltreatment, 95, 126, 276, 302
domestic violence, 46, 47, 182, 230-231, 268-269
elder abuse, 47
Arrest procedures, 30
definitional issues, 177
domestic violence, 159, 172, 174-178, 183, 188-189, 194-197, 280, 281, 300-301
B
Battered women, see Domestic violence
Batterer treatment, see Offender-oriented interventions
Best practice models, 17
Birth-related risk factors, 48, 314
Black persons, 44
C
Canada, treatment/enforcement costs, 2
Child Abuse Potential Inventory, 99
fatality review teams, 265-266, 311
gender factors, 42
advocacy programs, 2, 160, 164, 171, 233-234, 262, 265, 266
age factors, 41, 49, 106, 107, 108, 168, 169, 170
alcohol abuse, 95, 126, 276, 302
community-based approaches, 212-213, 215-216, 264, 266, 267-268
comprehensive/collaborative interventions, 234, 265-266, 267-268, 302
controlled study designs,
legal interventions, 161, 167, 168
mental health interventions, 217, 220-221
social services, 97-98, 108, 110
defined, 19, 32, 33-34, 36-37, 97
ecological models, 95, 275-276
educational interventions,
social skills training, 97, 98, 100
family-oriented interventions, 96-102, 104-106, 122-129, 148, 190, 215-216, 220-223, 234, 267-268, 301-302
health care interventions, 210, 211-223, 233-235
community-based approaches, 212-213, 215-216
expert witnessing, 213-214
hospitals, 106
multidisciplinary teams, 212, 213-214, 232
identification and screening, 206, 211-213, 214, 238-239
outcome analysis, 215-217, 221, 222
see also Mental health interventions infra
health care professionals, 212
expert witnessing, 213-214
fatality review teams, 265-266, 311
multidisciplinary teams, 212, 213-214, 265-266
home visitation, 97, 148, 212, 220-223, 233, 235, 248-251, 267-268, 301-303
housing, 276
identification and screening, 2, 11, 206, 211-213, 214, 238-239, 265-266, 291, 302, 307
individualized interventions, 98, 109-110, 118, 148-149, 166, 220, 234
legal interventions, 159, 160-171, 188-193
child witnessing, 167-171
child witnessing, child advocates, 164, 170
child witnessing, guardians ad litem, 171
controlled study design, 161, 167, 168
court interventions, 160, 163-165, 171, 190-191
criminal prosecution, 168-169
elder abuse interventions and, 184
see Child witnessing supra
expert witnesses, 213-214
fatality review teams, 265-266, 311
incest, 166, 167, 168, 169, 192
mandatory offender treatment, 165-166, 168, 280
minor/false cases, 162-163
nonexperimental studies, 161-162
outcome analysis, 160-162, 165, 167-168
procedural issues, 160, 168, 170, 171
quasi-experimental studies, 190-193
reporting requirements, 126, 160-163, 166, 168, 170-171, 188, 208, 212, 269, 294, 296, 302
sexual abuse, 164, 166-169, 192-193
social workers' resistance to, 160, 161-162
mental health interventions, 9, 212, 214-220, 233, 308
adult survivors of abuse, 212, 219-220, 246-247
child witnesses of domestic violence, 111, 217-219, 234-235, 246247, 274-275, 312, 313
cognitive-behavioral approaches, 128, 166, 167-168, 215-216, 234
controlled study design, 217, 220-221
costs, 56
sexually abused, 166, 167, 212, 219-220, 242-245, 246
mental health status of abused, 44-45, 95, 100
adult survivors of abuse, 212, 219-220, 246-247
child witnesses of domestic violence, 111, 217-219, 234-235, 246247, 274-275, 312, 313
intergenerational impacts, 18, 46-47, 178, 217-220
resilient children, 219
nonexperimental studies
legal interventions, 161-162
mental health interventions, 217
offender-oriented interventions, 95, 165-168
outcome analysis
health care interventions, 215-217, 221, 222
legal interventions, 160-162, 165, 167-168
social service interventions, 95-97, 99-101, 104, 107-108
peer support/group therapy, 215, 220, 234, 246, 268
parenting programs, 97, 98-100, 118, 264, 267, 268, 276-277, 302
sexual abuse, 102-103, 118-119
social support, 95, 97, 98-99, 100-101, 110, 118
quasi-experimental studies
health care interventions, 238-251
legal interventions, 190-193
social services interventions, 98-101, 104-105, 107-108, 122-149
referral services, 126, 166, 208, 212, 215, 269, 302
risk factors, 48-49, 215, 276-277
age, 41, 49, 106, 107, 108, 168, 169, 170
alcohol abuse, 95, 107, 108, 126, 276, 302
intergenerational impacts, 18, 46-47, 178, 217-220
personality traits, 44-45
prediction instrument, 99, 286-287
socioeconomic status, 43, 45, 95
stress, 45, 99-101, 119, 214-215
social service interventions, 95-110, 118-119, 122-149
controlled study design, 97-98, 108, 110
family-oriented interventions, 96-102, 104-106, 122-129, 148, 190, 215-216, 220-223, 234, 267-268, 301-302
fatality review teams, 265-266, 311
hospital multidisciplinary teams, 213
individualized services, 109-110
outcome analysis, 95-97, 99-101, 104, 107-108
parenting skills, 97, 98-100, 118, 264, 267, 268, 276-277, 302
reporting requirements, 160, 161-163
residential care, 106, 109, 146
school-based services, 102-103, 118-119, 130-137
sexual abuse, 102-103, 118-119, 130-137
social support, 95, 97, 98-99, 100-101, 110, 118, 124, 215, 302
socioeconomic status, 43, 45, 95
see also Child deaths;
Child placement;
Child protective services;
Child sexual abuse
Child neglect, 308
child protective services, 103
costs, 58
databases, 84
definitional issues, 19, 32, 33-34, 36-37, 97
gender factors, 42
intentionality, 36-37
proverty and, 43
social service interventions, 96-100 (passim), 103
Child placement, 66, 104-109, 146-147, 163-165, 285, 303-304
alcohol and drug abuse, 107, 108
foster care, 84, 106, 108-109, 146, 148
residential care, 106, 109, 146
Child protective services, 2, 38, 103-104
risk severity, 285
see also Child placement
Child sexual abuse
child protective services, 103
family-oriented interventions, 166
incest, 166, 167, 168, 169, 192
integration of services, 262, 266
intergenerational effects, 47, 219-220
legal interventions, 164, 166-169, 192-193
mental health services, 166, 167, 212, 219-220, 242-245, 246
preventive measures, 102-103, 118-119
risk prediction instrument, 286
social service interventions, 102-103, 118-119, 130-137
Child witnessing, 167-171
impact on child, 14, 32, 48, 111, 159, 170, 217-219, 234-235, 246-247, 274-275, 312, 313
Cognitive-behavioral approaches, 297, 315
child maltreatment, 128, 166, 167-168, 215-216, 234
Cohort studies, general, 60, 120
Community-based approaches, 9, 14, 15, 50, 59-60, 66, 84-85, 89-91, 260-261, 263-264, 271-272, 274, 284-285, 288, 308-310
child maltreatment, 212-213, 215-216, 264, 266, 267-268
domestic violence, 114, 182, 268-269
health care interventions, 207-208
child maltreatment, 212-213, 215-216
see also Advocacy programs;
Hospitals;
Public health interventions;
Shelters
Comprehensive and collaborative interventions, 7, 20, 30, 66, 235, 260-275, 288, 293, 308-310
child maltreatment, 234, 265-266, 267-268, 302
degrees of cooperation, 261, 262
domestic violence, 182-183, 204-205, 266-267, 268-269, 270, 300-301
health care providers, 206-207, 234
legal interventions, 7, 274-275, 280, 299-301
methodological issues, 10, 29, 60, 78-79, 85-91
referral services, 79, 116, 166, 208, 212
researcher involvement, 8, 10, 14, 16, 18, 29, 30, 59, 60-61, 65-67, 77-91, 94, 282, 284, 286, 315-318
resource-sharing, 261, 262, 264
substance abuse, 268-269, 270-271
traditional approaches versus, 261, 310
see also Integration and coordination of services
Confidentiality, see Privacy and confidentiality
Conservators, see Guardians and conservators
Controlled studies, 14-15, 16, 21, 60, 61, 64, 68, 76-85 (passim), 90, 297, 317
child maltreatment
legal interventions, 161, 167, 168
mental health interventions, 217, 220-221
social services, 97-98, 108, 110
community-based interventions, 265
domestic violence, 112, 174-175, 178, 179, 227-228
elder abuse, 117
see also Quasi-experimental studies
Coordination of services, see Advocacy programs;
Comprehensive and
collaborative interventions;
Integration and coordination of services
Cost factors, 7, 9, 11, 13, 29, 54-58, 64, 66, 235, 314-315
Canadian programs, 2
problem identification/screening, 307
social service/public health interventions, 16-17
treatment, 2, 16-17, 54, 228, 232
see also Funding
Couples counseling, 230-231
child maltreatment, 160, 163-165, 171, 190-191
court-mandated interventions, general, 165-166, 180, 189, 280, 297 -299
domestic violence, 111, 178-182, 189, 198-203, 280
litigation against police, 172
elder abuse, 117, 120, 184, 187
methodological issues
special courts, 182
offender-oriented interventions, 165-166,
see also Criminal prosecution;
Protective orders;
Punishment
specialized courts, 163-165, 181-182, 189
see also Child placement;
Evidence standards;
Protective orders
Criminal prosecution, 158, 188, 279, 299, 301
child abuse, 168-169
domestic violence, 172, 180-181, 182-182, 188, 204, 266-267, 301
restraining orders and, 174
education of personnel, 9, 183-184, 305-306
elder abuse, 187
special prosecution units, 2, 160, 171, 172, 189
Crime, extrafamilial, 47, 108, 178, 182, 269-270, 313
juvenile delinquency, 13, 108, 264, 269-270
Cross-problem interventions, 5, 9, 260, 261, 262, 273, 275-278, 293 -294, 313
see also Alcohol and drug abuse
Cultural factors, 87-88, 281-282, 283-285, 288, 309, 317
definitional issues, 33, 36-37
personality traits, 45
sex roles, 47-48, 277, 297, 314
transitional model, 95
see also Racial and ethnic factors
D
child maltreatment, 21(n.2), 84
Definitional issues, 18-20, 31, 32-38, 317
administrative data, 39
arrest procedures, 177
child maltreatment, 19, 32, 33-34, 36-37, 97
community-based approaches, 20, 263-264
comprehensive/collaborative interventions, 260, 261
family-oriented interventions, 18-19, 20
intentionality, 36-37
social service interventions, 32, 38
Delinquency, see Juvenile delinquency
Demographic factors, 12, 40, 41
see also Age factors;
Racial and ethnic factors;
Socioeconomic status
Detection, see Problem identification and screening
Deterrence, 7, 9, 24-27, 280-281, 288, 300, 315
domestic violence, 172, 175-177, 181, 188-189, 266-267, 291
elder abuse, 291
Developmental disabilities, 49
Documentation, 6-7, 82, 92, 298-299, 305
see also Reporting requirements
advocacy services, 113-114, 120, 152-153, 182-183, 224, 228, 229, 231, 233-234
''battered woman" defense, 172
alcohol and drug abuse, 46, 47, 182, 230-231, 268-269
child abuse related to, 226
children, impact on, 14, 32, 48, 111, 159, 212, 217-219, 234-235, 246-247, 274-275, 312, 313
community-based interventions, 114, 182, 268-269
comprehensive/collaborative interventions, 182-183, 204-205, 266-267, 268-269, 270, 300-301
controlled study designs, 112, 174-175, 178, 179, 227-228
costs, 54-58
definitional issues, 19, 32, 33
early warning systems, 6
ecological approach, 277
educational interventions, 183-184, 225, 226, 227-228, 230, 310
elder abuse and, 50
federal government role, 52-54
health care interventions, 223-231, 233, 235
female practitioner identification with client, 225
identification/screening/referral, 225-229
mental health interventions, see also Mental health interventions infra
outcome analysis, 227-228
pregnancy, 225-226
quasi-experimental studies, 246-247, 252-259
health care professionals
female practitioner identification with client, 225
multidisciplinary teams, 267
intergenerational effects, 18, 46-47, 178, 217-220
legal interventions, 159, 171-184, 204-205, 300
arrest procedures, 159, 172, 174-178, 183, 188-189, 194-197, 280, 281, 300-301
"battered woman" defense, 172
court interventions, 111, 178-182, 189, 198-203, 280
court interventions, litigation against police, 172
court interventions, protective orders, 55, 173-174, 280, 310-311
criminal prosecution, 172, 180-181, 182-182, 188, 204, 266-267, 301
criminal prosecution, restraining orders and, 174
deterrence, 172, 175-177, 181, 188-189, 266-267, 291
police, 172, 174, 182, 183, 188, 189;
see also Arrest procedures supra
procedural issues, 172, 175, 281;
see also Arrest procedures supra
reporting requirements, 5-6, 172-173, 295, 296
systemic approaches, 182-183, 204-205
victim resistance, 282-283
mental health interventions, 9, 111, 212, 217-219, 224, 229-231, 233, 256-259, 308
cognitive-behavioral approaches, 200, 202
preventive measures, 114-115, 154-155, 291
private-sector services, 17
age, 41-42
alcohol and drug abuse, 46, 47, 182, 268-269, 230-231, 268-269
cultural, 283
intergenerational effects, 18, 46-47, 178, 217-220
prediction instruments, 286-287
race/ethnicity, 44
socioeconomic status, 44, 112, 176, 177
social service interventions, 110-115, 119-120, 182, 183
advocacy services, 113-114
hospital settings, 228
peer support, 113, 120, 198, 202, 230, 231, 256, 310
preventive interventions, 114-115
school-based, 114-115, 154-155
social isolation/support, 46, 176-177
systemic interventions, 182-183, 204-205, 266-267
transitional programs, 113
see also Shelters
Drug abuse, see Alcohol and drug abuse
Drug treatment interventions, 166, 167
E
Ecological models, 95, 275-278
Economic factors, see Cost factors;
Financial exploitation of elderly persons;
Funding
Educational attainment
developmental disabilities, 49
foster children, 108
Education and training, 11
arrest policies, 300
child maltreatment
social skills training, 97, 98, 100
costs, 56
criminal justice personnel, 9, 183-184, 305-306
domestic violence, 183-184, 225, 226, 227-228, 230, 310
elder abuse, 116-117, 186, 232
foster children, 108
health care professionals, 9, 212-213, 214, 225, 226-228, 230, 232 , 305-306
child maltreatment, 212-213, 214
domestic violence, 225, 226-227
guidelines and protocols, 2, 206, 212, 226-228, 230, 232, 238, 306 -307
parenting, 97, 98-100, 118, 142, 264, 267, 268, 276-277, 302
social service professionals, 9, 116-117, 120, 305-306
see also School-based interventions
Elder abuse/neglect, 312
adult protective services, 2, 38, 115-116, 184, 232
advocacy services, 117, 156, 184
age factors, 42
alcohol and drug abuse, 47
comprehensive/collaborative interventions, 5-6, 234
controlled study designs, 117
definitional issues, 33, 36, 37, 38
ecological approach, 277
educational interventions, 116-117, 186, 232
family-oriented interventions, 233
financial exploitation, 184-185, 186, 187
funding, 233
guardians and conservators, 186-187
health care interventions, 231-233,
training for caregivers, 116-117
identification/screening, 5-6, 232, 291
legal interventions, 116, 184-187, 189, 233
competence issues, 186, 187, 231, 281
criminal prosecution, 187
deterrence, 291
guardians and conservators, 115, 116, 186-187
police, 117;
see also Arrest procedures supra
protective orders, 185-186
reporting requirements, 5-6, 184, 185, 188, 295, 296
witnessing by elderly, 184
offender-oriented interventions, 116
outcome measures, 86, 185, 186
privacy/confidentiality, 186
referral services, 116, 231-232
residential care, 116
risk factors, 42, 45, 49-50, 115, 277, 287
child abuse as, 184
domestic violence as, 50
sampling design, 117
social service interventions, 115-117, 120, 156-157, 312
state government role, general, 115-116, 117, 185
Electronic monitoring devices, 174
Emergency housing, see Shelters
Emergency rooms, 226, 227, 228, 252, 254, 256
Employment status, 45-46, 84, 176, 178, 268
autonomy versus competence, 281-283
dangerousness/degree of risk, 285-287
elderly persons, competence, 186, 187, 231, 281
punishment versus treatment, 280
see also Privacy and confidentiality
Ethnicity, see Racial and ethnic factors;
specific groups
Evaluation issues, 60-92
see also Methodological issues;
Nonexperimental studies;
Outcome
measures;
Quasi-experimental studies;
Sampling
Evidence standards
legal, 158, 164, 168, 169, 170-171, 214, 280, 291
research methodology, 14, 59, 60, 62, 64, 67, 91, 291
see Child witnessing;
Witnesses
F
Family-oriented interventions, 264
child maltreatment, 96-102, 104-106, 122-129, 148, 190, 215-216, 220-223, 234, 267-268, 301-302
child sexual abuse, 166
cost-effectiveness, 314
couples counseling, 230-231
definitional issues, 18-19, 20
ecological approach, 277
elder abuse, 233
definitional issues, 18-19, 20
risk factors, 97
see also Family preservation services;
Home visitation
Family preservation services, 8, 64, 66, 68, 78-79, 97, 104, 105, 118, 138-145, 229, 294, 303-304
cost-effectiveness, 314
outcome analysis, 104
out-of-home interventions and, 8, 64, 66, 68, 78-79
see also Home visitation
Fatalities, see Child deaths
Fatality review teams, 265-266, 311
Fathers
stress, 99
see also Incest
Feminism, 37
Financial exploitation of elderly persons, 184-185, 186, 187
Foster care, 84, 106, 108-109, 146, 148
Funding, 18, 50, 54, 290, 304-305
child protective services, 54, 160
elder abuse, 233
G
Gender factors, 42-43, 47-48, 49
child deaths, 42
disclosure of violence, 42-43
domestic violence, 37-48, 277, 297, 314
intergenerational effects, 218
prevention efforts, 207
see also Fathers;
Women
Group counseling, see Peer support/group therapy
Guardians and conservators
for elderly persons, 115, 116, 186-187
guardians ad litem, 171
H
Health care interventions, 2, 15, 206-259, 279, 280
child maltreatment, 210, 211-223, 233-235
community-based approaches, 212-213, 215-216
expert witnessing, 213-214
identification and screening, 206, 211-213, 214, 238-239
outcome analysis, 215-217, 221, 222
quasi-experimental studies, 238-251
community-based interventions, 207-208
child maltreatment, 212-213, 215-216
comprehensive/collaborative interventions, 206-207, 234
domestic violence, 223-231, 233, 235
female practitioner identification with client, 225
identification/screening/referral, 225-229
outcome analysis, 227-228
pregnancy, 225-226
quasi-experimental studies, 246-247, 252-259
elder abuse, 231-233
training for caregivers, 116-117
federal programs, 53
outcome analysis,
child maltreatment, 215-217, 221, 222
domestic violence, 227-228
preventive interventions, general, 207, 208-211
problem identification/screening, 11, 211-212, 306-307
guidelines and protocols, 2, 206, 212, 226-227, 228, 230, 232, 238 , 306-307
social isolation/support, 206
statistics on use, 206
see also Comprehensive and collaborative interventions;
Health care professionals;
Hospitals;
Mental health interventions;
Public health interventions
Health care professionals
child maltreatment, 212
expert witnessing, 213-214
fatality review teams, 265-266, 311
multidisciplinary teams, 212, 213-214, 265-266
documentation of abuse, 6-7, 298-299
domestic violence,
female practitioner identification with client, 225
multidisciplinary teams, 267
elder abuse, 232
identification of abuse, 11, 211-212, 232, 306-307
guidelines and protocols, 2, 206, 212, 226-227, 228, 230, 232, 238 , 306-307
reporting requirements, 212
multidisciplinary teams, 212, 213-214, 232, 265-266, 267
Healthy Families America, 223
Healthy People 2000, 210
Healthy Start, 222-223
Hispanics, 44
Home-based services, see Family preservation services;
Home visitation
Home visitation, 2, 5, 20, 66, 211, 294
child maltreatment, 97, 148, 212, 220-223, 233, 235, 248-251, 267-268, 301-303
duration/intensity, 5, 7, 97, 292, 302
first-time parents, 7-8
health care professionals, 20, 302
racial/ethnic factors, 7-8, 303
see also Family preservation services
Hospitals
child maltreatment, 106
multidisciplinary teams, 212, 213-214, 232
domestic violence, 224, 227-229, 230, 252, 254, 256
emergency rooms, 226, 227, 228, 252, 254, 256
multidisciplinary teams, 212, 213-214, 232
statistics on use, 206
Housing, 84
child maltreatment, 276
domestic violence victims, 117, 120
see also Shelters
I
Identification, see Problem identification and screening
Incest, 166, 167, 168, 169, 192
Income, see Socioeconomic status
Independent Living program, 108
Individualized interventions, 66, 82-83
child maltreatment, 98, 109-110, 118, 148-149, 166, 220, 234
Informed consent, 282
children, competence, 281
elderly persons, competence, 186, 187, 231, 281
Integration and coordination of services, 2, 5, 13-14, 260, 261-262, 265-267, 269, 272, 274-278, 289-290, 292, 293-294
documentation and, 6-7, 298-299
research policy, 317
see also Advocacy programs;
Comprehensive and collaborative interventions;
Referral services
Intensive family preservation services, see Family preservation services
Intentionality, 36-37
Intergenerational effects
child maltreatment, 18, 46-47, 178, 217-220
child sexual abuse, 47, 219-220
domestic abuse, 18, 46-47, 178, 217-220
J
Jurisprudence, see Courts
Juvenile delinquency, 13, 108, 264, 269-270
L
Legal interventions, 12, 16, 158-205
child maltreatment, 159, 160-171, 188-193
child witnessing, 167-171
child witnessing, child advocates, 164, 170
child witnessing, guardians ad litem, 171
controlled study design, 161, 167, 168
court interventions, 160, 163-165, 171, 190-191
criminal prosecution, 168-169
elder abuse interventions and, 184
see Child witnessing supra
expert witnesses, 213-214
fatality review teams, 265-266, 311
incest, 166, 167, 168, 169, 192
mandatory offender treatment, 165-166, 168, 280
minor/false cases, 162-163
nonexperimental studies, 161-162
outcome analysis, 160-162, 165, 167-168
procedural issues, 160, 168, 170, 171
quasi-experimental studies, 190-193
reporting laws, 126, 160-163, 166, 168, 170-171, 188, 208, 212, 269 , 294, 296, 302
sexual abuse, 164, 166-169, 192-193
social workers' resistance to, 160, 161-162
comprehensive/collaborative interventions, 7, 274-275, 280, 299-301
domestic violence, 159, 171-184, 204-205, 300
arrest procedures, 159, 172, 174-178, 183, 188-189, 194-197, 280, 281, 300-301
"battered woman" defense, 172
court interventions, 111, 178-182, 189, 198-203, 280
court interventions, litigation against police, 172
court interventions, protective orders, 55, 173-174, 280, 310-311
criminal prosecution, 172, 180-181, 182-182, 188, 204, 266-267, 301
criminal prosecution, restraining orders and, 174
deterrence, 172, 175-177, 181, 188-189, 266-267, 291
procedural issues, 172, 175, 281;
see Arrest procedures supra
quasi-experimental studies, 178-179, 180, 194-205
reporting requirements, 5-6, 172-173, 295, 296
systemic approaches, 182-183, 204-205
victim resistance, 282-283
due process, 13-14, 164, 170, 311
ecological approach, 277
elder abuse, 116, 184-187, 189, 233
competence issues, 186, 187, 231, 281
criminal prosecution, 187
deterrence, 291
guardians and conservators, 115, 116, 186-187
police, 117
protective orders, 185-186
reporting laws, 5-6, 184, 185, 188, 295
witnessing by elderly, 184
evidence, standards, 158, 164, 168, 169, 170-171, 214, 280, 291
integration of services, 262
local factors, 175, 176-177, 188
outcome analysis, 159
child maltreatment, 160-162, 165, 167-168
domestic violence, 172, 175-177, 179-180, 181, 183
procedural issues, 158-159
child maltreatment, 160, 168, 170, 171
domestic violence, 172, 175, 281
see also Arrest procedures
quasi-experimental studies,
child maltreatment, 190-193
domestic violence, 178-179, 180, 194-205
racial/ethnic factors, 162
risk, degree of, 285-286
social services integration, 7, 274-275
mandatory offender treatment, 165-166, 168, 280
reporting requirements, 160, 161-163, 280
types of, 22-23, 51, 158, 159, 190-205
see also Child placement;
Comprehensive and collaborative interventions;
Courts;
Deterrence;
Legislation;
Police;
Punishment;
Recidivism
domestic violence, 171-172, 173
see also Reporting requirements
budgetary issues, 2
domestic violence policies, 175, 176-177
legal interventions, 175, 176-177, 188
see also Community-based approaches
M
Mandatory reporting, see Reporting requirements
Marital conflict, 45-46
Medical interventions, see Health care interventions
Mental health interventions, 207, 307-308
child witnesses of domestic violence, 111, 217-219, 234-235, 246247, 274-275, 312, 313
cognitive-behavioral approaches, 128, 166, 167-168, 215-216, 234
controlled study design, 217, 220-221
costs, 56
physically abused/neglected, 212, 214-216
sexually abused children, 166, 167, 212, 219-220, 242-245, 246
domestic violence, 9, 111, 212, 217-219, 224, 229-231, 233, 256-259, 308
cognitive-behavioral approaches, 200, 202
duration and intensity, 5, 7, 97, 292, 296
Mental health status, 44-45, 48, 49
child maltreatment, 44-45, 95, 100
adult survivors of abuse, 212, 219-220, 246-247
child witnesses of domestic violence, 111, 217-219, 234-235, 24247, 274-275, 312, 313
intergenerational impacts, 18, 46-47, 178, 217-220
resilient children, 219
domestic violence, 45, 224, 229-230, 256-259
battered child/wife syndromes, 37-38
"battered woman" defense, 172
elderly persons, competence, 186, 187, 231, 281
Methodological issues, 14-16, 18, 66-77, 290, 291, 293, 304-305, 317
administrative data, 39
arrest procedures, impacts, 177-178
clinical studies, 38-39
cohort studies, general, 60, 120
collaborative efforts, 10, 29, 60, 78-79, 85-91
community change interventions, 272-273
court interventions
special courts, 182
developmental stages, 64-65
documentation of services, 6-7, 82, 92, 298-299
evidence standards, 59, 60, 62, 64, 67
family preservation services, 8, 64, 66, 68, 78-79, 294, 303-304
health care interventions, 211, 217
home visitation, 222
measurement, 38-40, 60, 62, 286, 305, 318
multisite evaluations, 77, 317
personality studies, 48
study designs, 60-92
time-series analyses, general, 61, 226-227
triangulation, 84-85
see also Controlled studies;
Non-experimental studies;
Outcome measures;
Quasi-experimental studies;
Sampling
Minority groups, see Racial and ethnic factors
Multiple approaches, see Comprehensive and collaborative interventions
N
National Center on Elder Abuse, 40
National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System, 84
National Crime Victimization Survey, 12, 40, 42, 44
National Family Violence Surveys, 13
race/ethnicity, 44
National Incidence Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect, 39, 161
Nonexperimental studies, 60, 62, 64-65, 77
child maltreatment
legal interventions, 161-162
mental health interventions, 217
see also Quasi-experimental studies
O
Offender-oriented interventions, 6, 7, 20, 84, 114, 296-298, 301
child maltreatment, 95, 165-168
court-mandated, 165-166, 189, 280, 297;
see also Criminal prosecution;
Protective orders
domestic violence, 111, 172, 189, 265, 291
elder abuse, 116
risk factors for perpetrators, 41-48
see also Arrest procedures;
Deterrence;
Punishment;
Recidivism
Older Americans Act, 233
Outcome measures, 8, 11-12, 83-86, 91, 314, 317, 308, 318
community change interventions, 272
ecological approach, 278
family preservation services, 104
health care interventions
child maltreatment, 215-217, 221, 222, 238-251
domestic violence, 111, 227-228, 252-259
legal interventions, 159
child maltreatment, 160-162, 165, 167-168, 190-193
domestic violence, 172, 175-177, 179-180, 181, 183, 194-205
child maltreatment services, 95-97, 99-101, 104, 107-108, 122-149
domestic violence, 111-114, 150-155
elderly abuse, 156-157
see also Deterrence;
Recidivism
Out-of-home interventions
family preservation services and, 8, 64, 66, 68, 78-79
see Child placement;
Foster care
P
Parenting practices, 96-97, 122-129
education on, 97, 98-100, 118, 142, 264, 267, 268, 276-277, 302
outcome measures, 99-100
Peer support/group therapy, 287
child maltreatment, 215, 220, 234, 246, 268
domestic violence, 113, 120, 198, 202, 230, 231, 256, 310
ethical issues, 283
Penalties, see Punishment
Personality traits, see Mental health status
Police, 2
domestic violence, 172, 174, 182, 183, 188, 189
education, 9
elder abuse, 117
see also Arrest procedures
Poverty, see Socioeconomic status
Pregnancy, abuse during, 225-226, 238, 313
Preventive measures, 4-5, 9, 13-14, 17, 274
parenting programs, 97, 98-100, 118, 264, 267, 268, 276-277, 302
sexual abuse, 102-103, 118-119
social support, 95, 97, 98-99, 100-101, 110, 118
community interventions, 269-270
courts, early warning systems, 6, 298
definitional issues, 33
domestic violence, 114-115, 154-155, 291
gender factors, 207
health care interventions, general, 207, 208-211
secondary, 292-293
see also Deterrence;
Family preservation services;
Home visitation;
Offender-oriented interventions;
Punishment;
Recidivism
Privacy and confidentiality, 6, 88, 274, 282-283, 295
domestic violence, 224
elder abuse, 186
Problem identification and screening, 4-6, 9, 12-13, 79-81, 233, 234
child maltreatment, 2, 11, 206, 211-213, 214, 238-239, 265-266, 291 , 302, 307, 311
domestic violence, 224, 225-230, 231, 252-255
fatality review teams, 265-266, 311
health care personnel, 11, 211-212, 306-307
guidelines and protocols, 2, 206, 212, 226-227, 228, 230, 232, 238 , 306-307
scope of problem, 34-35, 38-40, 54, 57-58
child maltreatment, 2, 55, 56, 58, 300
databases, 21(n.2), 84, 159, 218
domestic violence, 1-2, 12-13, 54-58
see also Referral services;
Reporting requirements;
Risk factors
Protective orders, 9
domestic violence, 55, 173-174, 280, 310-311
elder abuse, 185-186
electronic monitoring, 174
cost factors, 16-17
see also Home visitation;
terms beginning "Family…"
Punishment, 2, 11, 13, 16, 278-281, 288, 297-298
child maltreatment, 168-169
domestic violence, 172, 176, 180, 181-182, 204
elder abuse, 184
risk severity, 285
see also Deterrence; Recidivism
Punishment of children, see Corporal punishment
Q
Quasi-experimental studies, 62, 68
child maltreatment
health care interventions, 238-251
legal interventions, 190-193
social services interventions, 98-101, 104-105, 107-108, 122-149
domestic violence
health care interventions, 246-247, 252-259
legal interventions, 178-179, 180, 194-205
social services interventions, 111, 112-113, 150-155
elder abuse
social services interventions, 156-157
R
Racial and ethnic factors, 87-88, 283, 284
legal interventions, 162
researchers, minority, 284, 288
spousal abuse, 44
see also Cultural factors;
specific groups
Rape, see Incest;
Marital rape;
Sexual abuse
Recidivism, 158-159, 166-168, 176, 178, 179, 183, 188, 198, 296, 297
Referral services, 79, 262, 269, 283
child maltreatment, 126, 166, 208, 212, 215, 269, 302
comprehensive/collaborative interventions, 79, 116, 166, 208, 212
domestic violence, 225-229, 269
informed consent, 282
Reporting requirements, 5-6, 15, 294-296, 315
child maltreatment, 126, 160-163, 166, 168, 170-171, 188, 208, 212 , 269, 294, 296, 302
adolescents, 296
domestic violence, 5-6, 172-173, 295, 296
elder abuse, 5-6, 184, 185, 188, 295, 296
Residential care
child maltreatment, 106, 109, 146
elder abuse, 116
Restraining orders, see Protective orders
Risk factors, 13, 19, 31, 39, 41-50, 208, 260, 269, 273, 292
arrest policies and, 300
child maltreatment, 48-49, 215, 276-277
age, 41, 49, 106, 107, 108, 168, 169, 170
alcohol/drug abuse, 95, 107, 108, 126, 276, 302
intergenerational impacts, 18, 46-47, 178, 217-220
personality traits, 44-45
prediction instruments, 99, 286-287
socioeconomic status, 43, 45, 95
stress, 45, 99-101, 119, 214-215
cross-problem interventions, 5, 9, 260, 261, 262, 273, 275-278, 293 -294, 313
dangerousness/degree of risk, 285-287
domestic violence, 41, 223, 277
age, 41-42
alcohol and drug abuse, 46, 47, 182, 268-269, 230-231, 268-269
cultural, 283
intergenerational effects, 18, 46-47, 178, 217-220
prediction instruments, 286-287
race/ethnicity, 44
socioeconomic status, 44, 112, 176, 177
elder abuse, 42, 45, 49-50, 115, 277, 287
child abuse as, 184
domestic violence as, 50
family social support interventions, 97
intergenerational effects of violence, 18, 46-47, 178, 217-220
see also Problem identification and screening;
specific risk factors
S
Sampling, 14-15, 18, 34, 39, 40, 61, 64, 68
clinical studies, 39
elder abuse, 117
quasi-experimental studies, 68, 108
risk, degree of, 285
School-based interventions
child sexual abuse, 102-103, 118-119, 130-137
domestic violence, 114-115, 154-155
Screening, see Problem identification and screening;
Referral services
Sentences and penalties, see Punishment
Sexual abuse
see also Marital rape
intergenerational effects, 47, 219-220
see also Child sexual abuse
Shelters, 2, 9, 30, 66, 83, 110, 112-113, 119-120, 150-151, 264, 270, 310
Sibling violence, 48
Single mothers, 126
Social isolation/support, 46, 268, 283
child maltreatment, 95, 97, 98-99, 100-101, 110, 118, 124, 215, 302
domestic violence, 46, 176-177
health care agencies, role, 206
Social network models, 98, 118, 124, 264, 309
Social service interventions, 93-157, 279, 280
child maltreatment, 95-110, 118-119, 122-149
controlled study design, 97-98, 108, 110
family-oriented interventions, 96-102, 104-106, 122-129, 148, 190, 215-216, 220-223, 234, 267-268, 301-302
fatality review teams, 265-266, 311
hospital multidisciplinary teams, 213
individualized services, 109-110
outcome analysis, 95-97, 99-101, 104, 107-108
parenting skills, 97, 98-100, 118, 264, 267, 268, 276-277, 302
reporting requirements, 160, 161-163
residential case, 106, 109, 146
school-based services, 102-103, 118-119, 130-137
sexual abuse, 102-103, 118-119, 130-137
social isolation/support, 95, 97, 98-99, 100-101, 110, 118, 124, 215, 302
child neglect, 96-100 (passim), 103
cost factors, 16-17
documentation of abuse, 6-7, 298-299
domestic violence, 110-115, 119-120, 182, 183
advocacy services, 113-114
hospital settings, 228
peer support, 113, 120, 198, 202, 230, 231, 256, 310
preventive interventions, 114-115
school-based, 114-115, 154-155
social isolation/support, 46, 176-177
duration and intensity, 5, 7, 97, 292, 296, 302
elder abuse, 115-117, 120, 156-157, 312
federal programs, 53
health services integration, 274
legal services integration, 7, 274-275
mandatory offender treatment, 165-166, 168, 280
reporting requirements, 160, 161-163, 280
researchers, collaboration with, 8, 10, 16, 18, 29, 30, 59, 60-61, 65-67, 77-89, 94, 282, 284, 286, 315-318
risk, degree of, 286
see Child placement;
Comprehensive and collaborative interventions;
Family-oriented interventions;
Family preservation services;
Home
visitation;
Shelters;
Social isolation/support
Social service professionals
education, 9, 116-117, 120, 305-306
fatality review teams, 265-266, 311
legal interventions, antagonism for, 160, 161-162
Social skills training, 97, 98, 100
Socioeconomic status, 36, 39, 43-44, 45, 272, 276, 284
child maltreatment, 43, 45, 95
domestic violence, 44, 112, 176, 177
elder abuse, financial exploitation, 184-185, 186, 187
Spousal abuse, see Domestic violence;
Marital rape;
Shelters
Statewide Automated Child Welfare Information Systems, 84
Stress, general, 45-46, 313-314
child maltreatment, 45, 99-101, 119, 214-215
elder abuse, 115
natural helpers, 101
poverty, 43
relaxation techniques, 99
Substance abuse, see Alcohol and drug abuse
Symptoms, see Problem identification and screening
Systemic approaches, see Comprehensive and collaborative interventions;
Public health interventions
T
Theoretical issues, 15, 31, 83, 90, 92, 189, 297
feminism, 37
transactional and transitional models, 95
Time-series analyses, general, 61, 226-227
Training, see Education and training
Transactional model, 95
Transitional model, 95
U
Unemployment, see Employment status
Urban areas, 107
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 52-54, 84
V
Verbal abuse, 179
Volunteer programs, elder abuse, 117, 156
W
White persons, 44
Wife beating, see Domestic violence
Witnesses
elderly victims, 184
expert, child maltreatment, 213-214
see also Child witnessing
Women, 40
clinical studies, 39
ecological approach, 277
feminism, 37
sexual abuse of, 43;
see also Marital rape
single mothers, 126
see also Domestic violence;
Gender factors