APPENDIX B
Acronyms and Abbreviations
ACARS
Automated Communication and Recording System
AES
Atmospheric Environment Service (Canada)
ARM
Atmospheric Radiation Measurement program (DOE)
ASOS
Automated Surface Observing System (NOAA)
AVHRR
Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (NOAA)
BALTEX
Baltic Sea Experiment (northern Europe)
BATS
Biosphere-Atmosphere Transfer Scheme
BOREAS
Boreal Ecosystems-Atmosphere Study
BSRN
Baseline Surface Radiation (measurement) Network SRB Climatology Project (GEWEX)
CAGEX
CERES-ARM-GEWEX experiment
CART
Cloud and Radiation Testbed (ARM)
CASES
Cooperative Atmosphere-Surface Exchange Study
CASH
Commercial Aircraft Sensing of Humidity
CCM
Community Climate Model
CD-ROM
Compact Disk, Read-Only Memory
CERES
Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (NASA)
CLAVR
Clouds from the AVHRR
CLIVAR
Climate Variability and Prediction Program
CMC
Canadian Meteorological Centre
CRM
Cloud-resolving models
CSA
continental-scale area
DAAC
Data Acquisition and Archive Center (NASA)
DACOM
Data Collection and Management
4DDA
four-dimensional data assimilation
DMSS
Data Management and Service System (GCIP)
DOD
Department of Defense
DOE
Department of Energy
DOI
Department of Interior
ECMWF
European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts
EDAS
Eta Model Data Assimilation System (NCEP)
EDC
Earth Resources Observation Satellite Data Center (USGS)
ENSO
El Niño-Southern Oscillation
EOP
Enhanced Observing Period
EOS
Earth Observing System (NASA, MTPE)
ERBE
Earth Radiation Budget Experiment
ESOP
Enhanced Seasonal Observing Period
Eta
(Name of an NMC model using the Greek letter for the vertical coordinate)
FIFE
First ISLSCP Field Experiment
FSL
Forecast Systems Laboratory (NOAA)
GAME
GEWEX Asian Monsoon Experiment
GCIP
GEWEX Continental-Scale International Project
GCM
general circulation (atmospheric) model
GCMD
Global Change Master Directory (NASA-EOSDIS)
GCSS
GEWEX Cloud Systems Study
GDAS
Global Data Assimilation System (NCEP)
GEWEX
Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (WCRP)
GHP
GEWEX Hydrometeorology Panel
GIDS
GCIP Initial Data Set
GIST
GCIP Implementation System Test
GOALS
Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System
GOES
Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (NOAA)
GPCP
Global Precipitation Climatology Project (WCRP)
GPS
global positioning system
GREDS
GCIP Reference Data Set
GTS
Global Telecommunications System
HAPEX
Hydrologic-Atmospheric Pilot Experiment (France)
IEOS
International Earth Observing System
IGBP
International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme
IGPO
International GEWEX Project Office
IOP
intensive observational period
IR
infrared
ISA
intermediate-scale area
ISCCP
International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project
ISLSCP
International Satellite Land Surface Climatology Project
LBA
Land Biosphere-Atmosphere program (Brazil)
LDAS
Land Data Assimilation System
LSA
large-scale (study) area (GCIP)
LSA-SW
LSA-Southwest
LSP
land surface parameterization
MAGS
MacKenzie River GEWEX Study
MAPS
Mesoscale Analysis and Prediction System (NCEP)
MOLTS
Model Output Location Time Series
MORDS
Model Output Reduced Data Set
MTPE
Mission to Planet Earth (NASA)
NASA
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
NCAR
National Center for Atmospheric Research
NCDC
National Climate Data Center (NOAA)
NCEP
National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NOAA)
NDVI
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (AVHRR)
NESDIS
National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service
NEXRAD
Next-Generation Weather Radar system (see also WSR-88D)
NMC
National Meteorological Center (recently changed to National Centers for Environmental Prediction, NCEP)
NOAA
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
NRC
National Research Council
NRCS
Natural Resource Conservation Service
NWP
numerical weather prediction
NWS
National Weather Service
OH
Office of Hydrology (NOAA)
PACS
Pan-American Climate Study
PBL
Planetary Boundary Layer
PILPS
Project for Intercomparison of Land Surface Parameterization Schemes (GEWEX)
RAMS
Regional Area Modeling System
RASS
radioacoustic sensing system
RFE
regional finite element
RS
remote sensing
SCS
Soil Conservation Service (recently changed to Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS)
SRB
Surface Radiation Budget
SSA
small-scale area
SSM/I
Special Sensor Microwave Imager (DOD, DMSP)
SSURGO
Soil Survey Geographic Database (USDA)
STATSGO
State Soil Geographic Database (USDA)
SURFRAD
Surface Radiation Budget Network (NOAA)
TIROS
Television and Infrared Observation Satellite
TKE
Turbulent Kinetic Energy
TOVS
TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder
TRMM
Tropical Rain Measuring Mission (NASDA-NASA)
TVA
Tennessee Valley Authority
UCAR
University Corporation for Atmospheric Research
USACE
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
USDA
U.S. Department of Agriculture
USGS
U.S. Geological Survey
USWRP
U.S. Weather Research Program
VAD
velocity azimuth display
VORTEX
Verification of the Origins of Rotation in Tornadoes Experiment
WCRP
World Climate Research Programme
WSR-88D
Weather Surveillance Radar 1988-Doppler (see also NEXRAD)
WWW
World Wide Web