Scientists and Human Rights in Syria

Appendix D
Engineers and Health Professionals Believed Dead or Who Have Disappeared in Detention

     This appendix lists colleagues who are reported to have died in detention, to have been killed or executed, or who have disappeared in detention Some of these people are also listed in Appendix B The information comes from Amnesty International (AI), the Committees for the Defense of Democratic Freedoms and Human Rights in Syria (CDF), Middle East Watch (MEW), and the National Academy of Sciences (NAS).

COLLEAGUES REPORTED TO HAVE DIED IN DETENTION

MUNIR FRANSIS :  30-year-old civil engineer; died on April 14 or 15, l990, in al-Muwassat Civil Hospital in Damascus due to internal bleeding; arrested with 14 others in Yabrud at the end of March after anti-government slogans were found written on town walls ; when his coffin was returned to his family, his body reportedly bore the marks of beatings (confirmed by MEW, AI, and NAS)

ZAHI 'ABBADI :  general practitioner; arrested in 1980 in Aleppo following 1-day national strike (also listed in Appendix B )

MUHAMMAD FAIZ BISMAR :  gynecologist; arrested in 1980 in Homs following 1-day national strike (also listed in Appendix B )

AHMAD AL-BUSHI :  health professional; arrested in 1980 in Aleppo following 1-day national strike; adopted as prisoner of conscience by AI; death confirmed by AI in April 1992

DARWISH JANU :  general practitioner; arrested in 1980 in Damascus following 1-day national strike (also listed in Appendix B )

MUHAMMAD NINO :  general practitioner; arrested in 1980 in Idlib following 1-day national strike; held at Tadmur Military Prison (also listed in Appendix B )

MUHAMMAD MUKHLIS QANNUT :  surgeon; arrested in 1980 in Hama following 1-day national strike (also listed in Appendix B )

MUHAMMAD 'AKIF RUSTUM :  pediatrician; arrested in 1980 in Latakiyya following 1-day national strike (also listed in Appendix B )

'ADIL 'UTHMANI :  dentist; arrested in 1980 in Latakiyya following 1-day national strike (also listed in Appendix B )

OUSAMA AL-HASSAN :  34-year-old civil engineer from Tartus; reportedly arrested in 1987 or 1989 for suspected involvement in prohibited Party for Communist Action

MOUDAR AL-JUNDI :  34-year-old civil engineer from Tartus; reportedly arrested on September 20, 1987, for suspected involvement in prohibited Party for Communist Action; detained in Fara' Falastin detention center, where he was reportedly tortured; his wife, Mu nira Huejeh, also a civil engineer, was arrested on political grounds in December 1987 and released in November 1991

The following doctors are also reported to have been killed at around the same time:

ALAAL BARAZI

MULHIM BARUDI

TAHER HADDAD

WALID AL-HAFIZ

'ABD AL-KADER KONDAQJI

AHMED QASSAB

KODR AL-SHISHAKLI'

KAMAL AL-SOUAD