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Appendix B
Inventory of Chemical and Biological Defense Technology, with Gap and Overlap Analysis

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Type	Product	Location/PI
Breathing
	RP51A Respirator canister	Cabot Safety Products
	PBE (Protective Breathing Equipment)	Essex PB&R Corp.
	SCU (Self-Contained Unit)	Essex PB&R Corp.
	VRU (Victim Rescue Unit)	Essex PB&R Corp.
	Plus 10 Filter Breathing Unit	Essex PB&R Corp.
	Escape hood/mask for VIPs	Fume Free, Inc
	QuickMask Respiratory Protective Escape Device	Fume-Free, Inc.
	FRENZY AIR 5000 breathing apparatus	Giat Industries (France)
	Respiratory protection filter kits	Giat Industries
	SPIROMATIC 90	Giat Industries
	Recirculation Filter Blower	ILC Dover, Inc.
	CAPS (Civilian Adult Protective System)	Israel Ministry of Defense Export Organization (SIBAT)
	CHIPS (Chemical Infant Protective System)	Israel Ministry of Defense Export Organization (SIBAT)
	Children Hood Blower System	Israel Ministry of Defense Export Organization (SIBAT)
	Advanced Crew Member Blower System	Israel Ministry of Defense Export Organization (SIBAT)
	Portable Blower Infant Protective Crib	Israel Ministry of Defense Export Organization (SIBAT)
	M17 series masks	MSA Defense Products
	Respirator canister Model 800375	MSA Safety Products
	ESP Mask Communication System	MSA Safety Products
	Escort (SCBA) Escape Self Contained Breathing Apparatus	Racal
	Respirator Canister Model 456-00-07R 06	Racal
	Disposable respirators	Racal
	Respirator canister Model 110100	Survivair
	M-40A1 series masks	Tradeways (Md)
	Method for filtering CB agents from airflow in confined space	TSWG (R&D only)
	First responders mask (FIRM)	TSWG (R&D only)
Clothing
	Mark IV permeable NBC Suit	ADI (UK)
	Remploy Tyvek F-M(ilitary) ensemble	ADI
	JLIST (Joint Service Lightweight integrated NBC protective suit technology)	CBDCOM (R&D only)
	STEPO (Self-contained toxic environment protective outfit)	Chemfab Corp (NH)
	Biomimetic materials	DARPA/Molecular Geodesics (R&D only)
	Man-in-Simulant Test Program	Dugway Proving Grounds (R&D only)
	Low-cost protective suits	Geomet Technologies
	Field Marking Kits	Giat Industries
	TOM suit kit	Giat Industries
	Gastight suit for internal breathing apparatus	Giat Industries
	UNISCAPH gastight suit for external BA	Giat Industries
	Cool Vest Personal Cooling Garment	ILC Dover, Inc.
	Chemturion: Reusable Level A Suit	ILC Dover, Inc.
	Ready 1 Limited Use Level A Suit	ILC Dover, Inc.
	Cooling Vests	Kappler Protective Apparel and Fabrics
	Responder CSM Garments	Kappler Protective Apparel and Fabrics
	Pressure test kits	Kappler Protective Apparel and Fabrics
	Chemical Protective Overgarment	Marine Corps Systems Command (R&D only)
	Functionally Tailored Fibers and Fabrics	Natick RDEC (R&D only)
	Firefighters Integrated protective Suit - Combat (FISC)	Natick RDEC (R&D only)
	Advanced Lightweight Chemical Protection	Natick RDEC (R&D only)
	Level B Suit	Responder-Geomet
	Level A Suit	Responder-Geomet
	SARATOGA-Pyjama Chemical Protective Undergarment	Tex-Shield, Inc (NJ)
	CW-66 Chemical Protective Flight Coverall	U.S. Air Force
	(BDO) Battledress overgarment	Winfield International (NY)
Clothing and Breathing
	Domestic Preparedness Civilian PPE Testing Program	CBDCOM (R&D only)
	(CBPSS) Chemical Biological Protective Shelter System	Engineered Air Systems (Mo)
	Individual Protective Kit	Giat Industries
	Rescue and Lifting Kit	Giat Industries
	Ventilated casualty bag	Giat Industries
	Ventilated casualty hood	Giat Industries
	ILC Dover Transportable Collective Protection System	ILC Dover
	M20A1 SCPE (Simplified Collective Protection System)	ILC Dover, Inc.
	Improvements to existing C/B Bomb suit	Tech Escort Unit (R&D only)
	Expedient Hazard Reduction System	TSWG (R&D only)
	ILC Dover Transportable Collective Protection System	ILC Dover
	Protection assessment test system	U.S. Army (R&D only)

Availability	Product	Source or Laboratory/PI
Commercial
	ACAMS Automated Continuous Air Monitoring System	ABB Process Analytics
	Remote molecular air quality monitoring system (FTIR)	AIL Diversified Products Group
	Nerve agent vapor detector (NAVD)	Anachemia Canada Inc.
	Paper, Chemical Agent Liquid Detectors, 3-WAY	Anachemia Canada Inc.
	C2 chemical agent detector kit	Anachemia Canada Inc.
	CUB 800	Bear Instruments, Inc.
	Infrared Detector for Gas Chromatograph	Biorad, Digilab Division
	Transform spectrometer	Bomem Inc.
	TYPE 1306 Toxic-Gas Monitor	Bruel and Kjaer Instruments
	TYPE 1302 multigas monitor	Bruel and Kjaer Instruments
	Rapid Alarm and Identification Device (AID-1)	Bruel and Kjaer Instruments
	Chemical Surety Chamber and Lab	Calspan Corporation
	Automatic Liquid Agent Detector (ALAD) System	Calspan Corporation
	Miniature Chemical Agent Monitor (MINICAM)	CMS Research Corporation
	Detector tubes	Draeger
	Continuous Chemical Agents Sensor (CHASE)	Elbit-Ati Instruments
	4100 vapor detector	Electronic Sensor Technology
	Improved Chemical Agent Monitor (ICAM-APD)	Environmental Technologies
	APD2000 Hand-held CW/radiation detector/monitor	Environmental Technologies
	Miniature Chemical Agent Detector (ICAD)	Environmental Technologies
	Chemical Agent Monitor (CAM)	Environmental Technologies
	Detalac Automatic Detector of Nerve gas agents	Giat Industries
	Environmental Vapor Monitor (EVM)	Graseby Dynamics Ltd (UK)
	Point Chemical Agent Detector (GID-3)	Graseby Dynamics
	HP 6890 Plus Gas Chromatograph	Hewlett-Packard
	HP 2350 Atomic Emission Detector	Hewlett-Packard Co.
	HP 5973 MSD	Hewlett-Packard Co.
	Improved Chemical Agent Monitor (ICAM)	Intellitec (Florida)
	M8A1 automatic chemical agent alarm (M43A1 and M42 )	Intellitec (Florida)
	AN/KAS-1 Chemical Warfare Directional Detector (standoff)	Intellitec (Florida)
	M21 Remote sensing chemical agent alarm (RSCAAL)	Intellitec (Florida)
	Nerve Agent Immobilized-Enzyme Alarm and Detector (NAIAD)	Jasmin Simtec Limited
	SAW MiniCAD miniature chemical agent detector	Microsensor Systems, Inc.
	CW Sentry	Microsensor Systems, Inc.,
	RCAD II Monitor	Microsensor Systems, Inc.,
	EKHO	Mine Safety Appliances Co.
	Field MINICAMS (FM-2000)	OI Analytical, Inc
	Phemtochem Ion Mobility Spectrometer, Model 110	PCP Inc.
	API 365	Pe Sciex
	Microchromatography	PerSeptive Biosystems, Inc.
	AP2C Family of Chemical Agent Detectors	Proengin S.A. (France)
	MINIRAE Plus	Rae Systems
	Direct-Reading Tubes	Sensidyne
	M90D1-A Chemical detector	Sensor Application Inc (VA)
	Scentograph Plus II with AID/RCD Detector	Sentex Systems Inc.
	Scentoscreen (Gas Chromatograph) with Argon Ionization Detector	Sentex Systems Inc.
	SCX-20 VOC Monitor	Spectrex Corporation
	Dual Flame Photometric Detector	SRI Instruments Inc.
	TestMate portable blood cholinesterase test system	TestMate, Inc
	Miran Sapphire	The Foxboro Company
	Chemical agent point detection system for ships (CPDS)	Tradeways Ltd (MD)
	M8 Chemical detection paper	Tradeways Ltd (VA)
	M9 Chemical detection paper	Tradeways Ltd (VA)
	M256A1 Chemical detection kit	Truetech Inc (NY)
	M272 Water testing kit	Truetech Inc (NY)
	M18A2 Chemical detection kit	Truetech, Inc (NY)
	SATURN	Varian Chromatography Systems
	Portable GC/MS systems: SpectraTrak and CADIS	Viking Instruments Corporation
	Mass-Spec-On-Chip (MSOC)	Westinghouse Electronic System
Field testing
	FBI Fly-away Laboratory	Unknown
	Nonintrusive interrogation of closed containers	Battelle Columbus
	CB mass spectrometer (CBMS I)	Bruker Instruments
	Air Transportable Modular Analytical Laboratory (MODLAB)	CBDCOM
	XM22 Advanced Chemical Agent Detector/alarm (ACADA)	ERDEC/Nowack
	SOF Chemical Agent Detector w low false positives	Graseby
	GI-MINI Miniature Chemical Warfare Detector/Monitor	Graseby Dynamics
	Rugged, portable GC-MS for CW agents	LLNL
	Multipurpose integrated chemical agent alarm (MICAD)	Lockheed Martin
	Shipboard Automatic Liquid Agent Detector (SALAD)	Naval Sea Systems Command
	Improved Point Detection System (IPDS)	Naval Sea Systems Command
	SAWRHINO (nerve and vesicant agents)	NRL/Veneskey
	LabChip applications to ChE and immunoassays of selected CBW agents	ORNL/Ramsey
	Bruker Ims Point Chemical Detector (PCD)	Bruker Saxonia Analytik (Germany)
	Minitube Air Sampling System (MASS)	Canadian Centre for Advanced Instrumentation
	Chemical Agent Detection System II (CADS II)	Scientific Instrumentation Limited (Canada)
	Laser Remote Detector	Research Institute 070 BRNO (Czech Republic)
	MARK 1 Detector Kit Chemical Agent Residual Vapor (RVD)	Richmond Packaging (UK) Limited
U.S. Government
	Contract Labs	EPA Envir Response Team Center (NJ) (Lafornara)
	TAGA 6000E MS/MS-triple quadrapole	EPA Envir Response Team Center (NJ) (Lafornara)
	Mobile lab	EPA Envir Response Team Center (NJ) (Lafornara)
Laboratory Research
	Canine detection of low level CW	Auburn: Lackland AFB
	Wearable dosimeter indicating cumulative exposure	CWC Treaty Lab
	Miniature GC-IMS	DARPA (Technispan) G. Spangler
	Joint service lightweight standoff chemical agent detector (JSLSCAD)	JPOBD
	Joint Service Chemical Agent Detector (JCAD)	JPOCD
	Joint Service Chemical Warning and Identification LIDAR	JPOCD
	Miniaturized liquid chromatography	M.D. Porter, Iowa StateUniversity
	Micro-mass spectrometer for containment gas monitoring	M.P. Sinha, Imaging and Spectrometry Systems Technology
	Neuron Chip	NRL/F. Ligler
	Micro unmanned chemical and biological sensor vehicle	NRL/R. Foch
	CB mass spectrometer Block 2 (CBMS II)	Oak Ridge National Laboratory
	Advanced Ion-trap mass spectrometry	ORNL/S. McLuckey
	Capillary electrophoretic methods for monitoring spacecraft water	NASA/R.L. Sauer
	Enzyme-FET	Sandia National Lab/Thomas
	Parallel Micro Separations-based Detection (PMSD)	SNL/Vitko
	Noninvasive methemoglobin measurement	USAMRMC
Military
	GS/MS detection of chlorovinylarsenous acid (from Lewisite) in urine	USAMRMC
	GS/MS detection of phosphonic acids (from GA,VX) in patient fluids	USAMRMC

Availability	Product	Source
Operational
	Associate	Carter-Melloy Corp
	National Electronic Telecommunication-System for Surveillance (NETSS)	CDC
	Public Health Lab Information System	CDC
	Communicable Disease Surveillance Center (CDSC)	England/Wales
	Salm-Net	European Union
	ProMed (Program for Monitoring Emerging Diseases)	FASEB
	National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS)	FDA/CDC/USDA
	GIDEON (Global Infectious Disease Epidemiology Network)	Gideon USA
	Canadian Bacterial Disease Network (CBDN)	NCE
	Air Force Global Surveillance	U.S. Air Force
	WHO Weekly Epidemiological Record (WER)	WHO
	Outbreak	WWW
	Emerging Infectious Disease Initiative	CDC
Planned
	Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (DoD-GEIS)	DoD
	Global Public Health Intelligence	Health Canada

Availability	Product	Source
Operational
	Associate	Carter-Melloy Corp
	NBC indicator symptom matrix	Defense Protective Services/M. Dougherty
	Global Infectious Disease and Epidemiology Network	Gideon, USA
Planned
	Emergindex	Micromedex, Inc.
	Drugdex	Micromedex, Inc.
	Poisindex	Micromedex, Inc.

Availability	Product	Source or Laboratory/PI
Commercial
	LIfeChip High-Density Nucleic Acid Microarrays	Affymetrix, Inc.
	Profile 1 Bioluminometer	Environmental Technologies
	SMART Biological Warfare Detection Tickets	Environmental Technologies
	Biological integrated detection system (BIDS)	Environmental Technologies
	LightCycler (LC32) Thermal cycler microvolume fluorimeter	Idaho Technology
	SpinCon High-volume Portable Air Sampler	Midwest Research Institute (MRI)
Field tests
	PathoSeq bacterial gene sequence library	Affymetrix, Inc.
	Modification of NMRI handheld BW tickets	Battelle/NMRI
	CB mass spectrometer (CBMS I)	Bruker Instruments
	Biological Microchips for Field Analysis of Microorganisms	DARPA (ANL, A. Mirzabekov)
	Mini Mass Spectrometer for Biodetection	DARPA (JHU/APL, W. Bryden)
	16S Ribosomal RNA Hierarchical Analysis	DARPA (Northwestern U.) Stabl
	Miniature Environmental Air Sampler Using Aerogel	DARPA (PSR, Inc.) UVA, C. Daitch, P. Norris
	Hierarchical Analysis of Unknown Biological Samples	Duke Univ./Wilson
	Simultaneous immunoPCR and genomic PCR	DuPont/Ebersole
	ALERT Lateral Flow Immunoassay Tickets	ERDEC/Emanuel and Valdes
	Integrated Virus Detection System	ERDEC/Wick and EnVirion, L.C.
	High speed chemical analysis of DNA by TOF-MS	GeneTrace Systems
	Interim biological agent detector (IBAD)	JPOBD
	Compact DNA-based Bacterial Identification by Flow Cytometry	LANL/B. Marrone
	Antibiotic Resistance Detection	LANL/Jackson; N. Ariz. U./Keil
	BW Genetic Sequencing	LANL/Jackson; LLNL; Duke/Wilson
	Self-assembling thin film biosensors	LBNL/Charych
	Improved methods to isolate and process DNA from environmental samples	LLNL/Carrano; LANL/Kuske
	Miniature PCR-based Bioagent Detector	LLNL/Marriella
	Marine Corps Unit Biological Detector	MARCORSYSCOM/Bryce
	DNA Dipstick	Molecular Tools, Inc./Boyce-Jacino
	Handheld Assay SMART Tickets	NMRI/Churilla
	Automated Programmable	Nanogen, Inc. Electronic Matrix APEX microchip
	Rapid PCR assays for BW detection	NMRI/Long and identification
	Single Particle Fluoresence Counter	NRL/Eversole
	Anaylate 2000 Fiberoptic waveguide biodetector	NRL/Ligler
	LabChip applications to ChE and immunoassays of selected CBW agents	ORNL/Ramsey
	Long range biological standoff detection system (XM94)	Schwartz Electro-Optics
	Chem/Bio Sentry System	Tech Escort Unit
Laboratory
	FBI Fly-away Laboratory	Unknown
	Liquid phase piezoelectric immunosensors	A.A. Suleiman, Southern U.
	Joint biological point detection system (JBPDS)	CBDCOM
	Nanoscale DNA	CuraGen Corp.
	Advanced Diagnostics Program	DARPA
	Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-Borne Hybrid Optical Sensor	DARPA (Electro-Optics, Inc.) P. Titterton
	Novel Biodetection by Spore-specific Phosphorescen	DARPA (IIT Research Inst.) K. Rajan
	Next Generation, Integrated Biosensor Research	DARPA (Pacific Sierra) UVA, C. Daitch, P. Norris
	Smart Aerogels for Application in Biowarfare	DARPA (PSR, Inc.) UVA, C. Daitch, P. Norris
	Upconverting Phosphor Flow Cytometer	DARPA (SRI, J. Carrico)
	Upconverting Phosphor Compact	DARPA (SRI, J. Carrico) Handheld Biosensor
	Novel Antibody Reagents (Immunoplastics) for Sensors	DARPA (U. of TX, G. Georgiou)
	Structure-based Ligands to Capture Microorganisms	DARPA (U. of Ala., Birm)L. DeLucas
	Capture of Pathogenic Microbes	DARPA (Utah State U.) L. Powers
	Pathogenic Microbe Sensor Technology	DARPA (Utah State U.) B. Weimer
	Rapid methods of detecting BW agents on food	FDA; U. of Md.
	Rapid bacterial testing for spacecraft water	G.A. McFeters, Montana State U.
	Microbial monitoring based on quantitative PCR	G.H. Cassell, U. of Alabama, Birmingham
	MALDI-MS for identifying intact whole bacteria	Joint Inst Food Safety and Appl Nutrition/Musser
	Joint Biological Remote Early Warning System (JBREWS)	JPOBD
	Simultaneous monitoring of multiple bacteria in spacecraft	M.D. Eggers, Genometrix, Inc.
	IGEN PCR Biosensor Assay	NMRI/Churilla
	Recombinant antibodies for BW Agents	NMRI/Churilla
	DNA Detection via Current- Rectifying Oligonucleotides	Northwestern U./Mirkin
	Force Amplified Biological Sensor (FABS)	NRL/Colton
	A Multiplexed Immunosensor based on Lateral Force Microscopy	NRL/Gaber
	Automated Multiagent Sensor	NRL/Ligler
	Neuron Chip	NRL/Ligler
	Micro unmanned chemical and biological sensor vehicles	NRL/R.Foch
	CB mass spectrometer Block 2 (CBMS II)	Oak Ridge National Laboratory
	Recombinant antibodies specific to Bacillus anthracis spores	ONR/LLNL (Leighton)
	Advanced Ion-trap mass spectrometry	ORNL/McLuckey
	Bioaerosol Detector System based on Aerogel	Pacific-Sierra Research Corp
	UV Fluoresence Detection of BW Agents on Surfaces	Sandia NL/Thomas
	Parallel Micro Separations-based Detection (PMSD)	SNL/Vitko, Thomas
	Taqman PCR-based BW assays	USAMRIID
	Automated Nucleic Acid Extractor	USAMRIID/Xohox, Inc
	Deployable diagnostic kit for biowarfare agents	USAMRMC

Availability	Product	Source/Location
Commercial
	M11, M13 Man-portable decontamination application systems	All-Bann Enterprises/Tradeways Ltd (MD)
	M12 Powered vehicle-mounted multipurpose decontaminating apparatus	All-Bann Enterprises/Tradeways Ltd (MD)
	DS2P Decon solution	All-Bann Enterprises/Tradeways Ltd (MD)
	M17 Lightweight decontamination system (Sanator)	Engineered Air Systems (MO)
	Emergency Response Equipment Package	HAZ/MAT DQE Inc (IN)
	Hospital-based Decontamination Equipment Package	HAZ/MAT DQE Inc (IN)
	Transportable Decontamination Systems	Modec Inc. (Denver)
	Decontamination Kit No. 2	Tradeways Ltd
	M291 Decontamination kit for individual equipment	Tradeways Ltd
	M258 Skin decontamination kit	Tradeways Ltd
	STB super tropical bleach	Unknown
Field tests
	XM21/XM22 Modular decontamination system	CBDCOM
	Wound decon systems	USAMRIID
	Mediclean Spray/Suction Units	Karcher (Germany)
Research
	Non-toxic, non-corrosive enzyme- based foam decon system	Arthur D. Little/Altus Biologics
	Sorbent decontamination system	CBDCOM
	Sensitive equipment decontamination	CBDCOM
	Biomimetic materials	DARPA/Molecular Geodesics, Inc. (D. Ingber)
	Molecular decoys	DARPA/U. of Michigan (Baker)
	Enzymatic Decontamination	ERDEC/DeFrank
	Solid state absorber/oxidizers for CW decon	LANL/Earl
	Ozone based methods for CW decon of equipment	LANL/Earl
	Fenton chemistry (peroxides) for CW and BW decon	LANL/Earl
	Low temperature plasma jet	LANL/Earl
	Oxidizing solutions for CW decon of equipment and property	LLNL
	Gel carrier for vertical surfaces	LLNL/Raber
	Surfactant-based Decontamination Solution	ONR/NSWC Dahlgren (Brown)
	Quaternary Ammonium Complex Decontaminant	ONR/NSWC Dahlgren (Cronce)
	Chemical/UV decontamination method	Optimetrics, Inc
	Hydrolyzing foams	Sandia National Lab/Zelikoff
	Corona discharge air purification technology	SRI International
	Fixed site decontamination system	U.S. Marines
	Lightweight portable decontamination system	U.S. Marines

Agent	Treatment	Source	Availability
Cyanide
	Amyl nitrite+sodium nitrite+sodium thiosulphate	Pasadena	Commercial
	alpha adrenergic antagonists	Other	Commercial
	Superactivated charcoal	Other	Commercial
	4-dimethylaminophenol (4-DMAP)	Germany	Foreign
	Kelocyanor (dicobalt EDTA)	Germany	Foreign
	Hydroxocobalamin (vitamin B12a)	France	Foreign
	Stroma-free hemoglobin	USAMRICD	IND
	p-aminooctanoylphenone (PAOP)	USAMRICD	Preclinical
	p-aminoheptanophenone (PAHP)	USAMRICD	Preclinical
	p-aminopropiophenone (PAPP)	USAMRICD	Preclinical
	8-aminoquinoline derivatives	Other (Steinhaus et al.)	Preclinical
	Alpha-ketoglutaric acid	Indian Defense R&D Establishment	Preclinical
Nerve agents
	Pralidoxime chloride (2-PAM)	Meridian Med Tech; Quad Pharm; Wyeth	Commercial
	Diazepam	Abbott, Lederle, Parke-Davis, others	Commercial
	Pyridostigmine bromide	ICN Pharmaceuticals	Commercial
	Atropine	Meridian Med Tech: Kalli DuPhar; 3M-Reiker	Commercial
	Obidoxime	Czech Republic military	Foreign
	Reactive topical skin protectants	USAMRICD	Preclinical
	Methanesulphate salt of	UK pralidoxime	Preclinical
	Nicotine hydroxamic acid methiodine	USAMRICD	Preclinical
	Monoisonitroacetone (MINA)	USAMRICD	Preclinical
	Butyrylcholinesterases (horse, human, mutants)	USAMRICD	Preclinical
	Acetylcholinesterase	USAMRICD	Preclinical
	Catalytic monoclonal antibodies	USAMRICD	Preclinical
	Memantine	USAMRICD	Preclinical
	NMDA receptor blockers	USAMRICD	Preclinical
	Pro-2-PAM	Unknown	Preclinical
	H series of oximes	Czech Republic military and others	Preclinical
	Carboxylesterase	USAMRICD	Preclinical
Phosgene
	Oxygen+ventilation+bronchodilators	Other	Commercial
	Aminophylline	Other	Commercial
	Hexamethylene tetramine (HMT)	Other	Commercial
	Corticosteroids	Other	Preclinical
	Cysteine (and N-acetylcysteine)	USAMRICD	Preclinical
Vesicants
	Soap and water	Other	Commercial
	Hypochlorite solution (<1%)	Chlorox	Commercial
	British Anti-Lewisite (dimercaprol)	Becton Dickinson Microbiology Systems	Commercial
	M258A1 Decon kit	Tradeways, Ltd. (MD)	Commercial
	Nitric oxide synthase inhibitors	Canadian Defence Research Establishment	Preclinical
	Dexamethasone/heparin/promethazine combos	Other	Preclinical

Agent	Treatment	Source	Availability
Anthrax
	Ciprofloxacin	Bayer	Commercial
	Anthrax Vaccine	Michigan Biological Products	Commercial
	Doxycycline	Parke-Davis; Pfizer; Lederle	Commercial
	Biostructure Mapping by STEM, Cryo-EM, EELS, and SPM: Anthrax Toxin	Brookhaven NL/Furlong	Preclinical
	Structure-based Drug Design for Microorganism-associated Proteins	DARPA/UAB (DeLucas)	Preclinical
	Anthrax Toxin Structure and Function	NIDR/Leppla	Preclinical
	Control of Protective Antigen Synthesis by B. anthracis.	UTex Health Ctr Houston/Koehler	Preclinical
Bacteria
	Novel Broad Spectrum Antimicrobial Agents	DARPA/Isis Pharmaceuticals (D. Ecker)	Preclinical
	Novel Broad Spectrum Antimicrobial Agents-Gene Expression	DARPA/ SmithKline Beecham (M. Rosenberg)	Preclinical
	Novel Targets of Pathogen Vulnerability	DARPA/Stanford U. (L. Shapiro)	Preclinical
	Sequential Auto Vaccination by Stem Cells	OSIRIS Therapeutics (D. Marshak)	Preclinical
Brucella
	Rifampin (Rifadin)	Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals	Commercial
	Recombinant Brucella Vaccine Development	(USSR)/Noskov; USAMRIID/Friedlander	Preclinical
	Immunogenicity of Recombinant Brucella Abortus Proteins	LSU Med Ctr/Roop	Preclinical
C. Botulinum
	Immune globulin from human donors	(Frankovich and Arnon)	IND
	Vaccine (toxoids A-E)	CDC	IND
	Trivalent botulinum antitoxin (A,B,E)	CDC	IND
	Horse antibotulism serum (globulin)	USAMRIID	IND
	Botulinum Vaccine	USAMRIID	IND
	Mechanism of Botulinum Toxin Action	Thomas Jefferson Univ./Simpson	Preclinical
	Aminopyridines (3,4-diaminopyridine)1	USAMRIID	Preclinical
	Monoclonal antibodies	USAMRIID	Preclinical
	Recombinant vaccines	USAMRIID	Preclinical
	Chimer of botulinum toxin receptor-binding protein	USAMRIID	Preclinical
Dengue
	Functional Analysis of Dengue Virus Antigens NS3 and NS5	UKansas Med Center/Padmanabhan	Preclinical
	Mechanisms of Immunopathology in Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever	UMass Med Ctr/Ennis	Preclinical
Ebola
	Immunologic and Epidemiologic Studies of Emerging Viruses	Scripps Res Inst/Buchmeier	Preclinical
EEE
	EEE Vaccine	Unknown	IND
	Acute Alphavirus Encephalitis	Johns Hopkins SPH/Griffin	Preclinical
Lassa
	Immunologic and Epidemiologic Studies of Emerging Viruses	Scripps Res Inst/Buchmeier	Preclinical
	Molecular Basis of Arenavirus Virulence	U Wisconsin/Salvato	Preclinical
Multiple
	Naked DNA/gene gun vaccines	USAMRIID	Preclinical
	Multiagent replicon vaccines	USAMRIID	Preclinical
Plague
	Plague Vaccine	Greer	Commercial
	Streptomycin	Lilly; Pfizer	Commercial
	Doxycycline	Parke-Davis; Pfizer; Lederle	Commercial
	Plasmid PCD-Encoded Virulence Determinants in Plague	U Kentucky/Straley	Preclinical
	Mechanism of Bacterial Metastasis in Plague	UMass Med Sch/Goguen	Preclinical
Q-Fever
	Tetracyclines	Numerous drug companies	Commercial
	Q-Vax	Australian product	Foreign
	Q-Fever Vaccine	IND 610	IND
	Pathogenic Roles of Coxiella burnetti Surface Proteins	Texas A&M/Samuel	Preclinical
	Surface Change and Virulence in Coxiella burnetti	Wash. State Univ./Mallavia	Preclinical
Ricin
	alpha deglycosylated A chain as antigen	USAMRIID	IND
	Antiricin rabbit antibodies	USAMRIID	Preclinical
	Formalin treated toxoid	USAMRIID	Preclinical
	Toxoid in galactide-glycolyde	USAMRIID	Preclinical
SEB
	Staphylococcal Toxins	Kansas State/ Iandolo	Preclinical
	Immunosuppressive Action of Staphylococcal Enterotoxins	Temple Univ Sch of Med/Rogers	Preclinical
Smallpox
	Cidofovir (Vistide)	Giliad Pharm	Commercial
	Smallpox Vaccine (Dryvax)	Wyeth	Commercial
	Smallpox Vaccine (DoD)	USAMRIID	IND
	Vaccinia DNA Replication: Genetics and Molecular Biology	Cornell Univ Med Coll/Traktman	Preclinical
	Viral Inhibition of Host Defenses	Duke Univ Med School/Pickup	Preclinical
T-2 Mycotoxin
	M238A1 skin decon kit	USAMRICD
	Multi Shield TSP barrier cream	Interpro, Inc (Mass)	Commercial
	Superactive activated charcoal	Other	Commercial
	Corticosteroids (systemic)	Other	Commercial
	XE-555 resin (M291 decon kit)	Tradeways Ltd (MD)	Commercial
	Mycotoxin with carrier protein	USAMRIID	Preclinical
	BN52021	USAMRIID	Preclinical
	Prophylactic enzyme induction	USAMRIID	Preclinical
	Despeciated monoclonal anti-idiotype antibody	USAMRIID	Preclinical
Toxins
	Red Blood Cell Pathogen Defense-Destruction	DARPA/Boston U (M. Bitensky)	Preclinical
	Polyvalent Inhibitors of Microorganisms, Viruses, and Toxins	DARPA/Harvard U (G. Whitesides)	Preclinical
	Structural Biology of Bacterial Toxins	DARPA/Los Alamos National Lab (G. Gupta)	Preclinical
	Intracellular Sensors of Virulence	DARPA/U. of Michigan (R. Kopelman, et al.)	Preclinical
	Instant Immunization	DARPA/U.TX- South Western Med. Ctr. (S. Johnston)	Preclinical
	Red Blood Cell Pathogen Defense-Decoy	DARPA/UVA (R. Taylor)	Preclinical
Tularemia
	Streptomycin	Lilly; Pfizer	Commercial
	Tularemia Vaccine	Unknown	IND
VEE
	C-84 VEE Vaccine	USAMRIID	IND
	TC-83 VEE Vaccine	USAMRIID	IND
	Structure-based Drug Design for Microorganism-associated Proteins	DARPA/UAB (DeLucas)	Preclinical
	Molecular Evolution of Guanarito Virus	Southwest Fnd for Med Res/Rico-Hess	Preclinical
	In-vitro Construction of Attenuated VEE Virus Mutants	UNC Chapel Hill/Johnston	Preclinical
Virus
	Ribavirin (Virazole)	ICN Pharmaceuticals	Commercial
	Developmental Proteins to Prevent Human Injury from Pathogens	DARPA/enVision (E. Barnea)	Preclinical
	Super Immune Cells	DARPA/Harvard Med School (D. Scadden)	Preclinical
	Novel Bacteriophage Therapies for Vibrio Cholerae Infection	DARPA/Harvard U. (J. Meklanos)	Preclinical
	Invasive (Intra-cellular) Antibodies	DARPA/Scripps Research Inst. (P. Ghazal)	Preclinical
	Heat Shock Protein-Peptide Complexes as Anti-Viral Agents	DARPA/U. of Connecticut (P. Srivastava)	Preclinical
	Structure-based Design of Acute Countermeasures to Viruses	DARPA/U. of TX at Galveston (R. Shope)	Preclinical
	Prevention of Virus Assembly in Host Cells	DARPA/U. of Wisconsin (S. Kornguth)	Preclinical
	Cytotoxic T Cell Responses to Virus Infection	Scripps Research Inst./Whitton	Preclinical
	Glycyrrhizic acid derivatives	USSR/Pokrovsky; USAMRIID/Huggins	Preclinical
	Monkeypox Virus Genome Sequencing	USSR/ Shchelkunov; USAMRIID/Jarling	Preclinical
WEE
	WEE Vaccine	Unknown	IND

Source/Location	Product	Focus	Availability
American Psychiatric Assoc	Disaster Psychiatry Web Site	Multiple	Open Literature (www)
	Committee on Psychological Responses to Disaster	Multiple	Open Literature (www)
American Psychological Assoc	Disaster Response Network	Multiple	Open Literature (www)
American Red Cross	Disaster Mental Health Services	Multiple	(Training, short-term intervention)
Department of Veterans Affairs	On-line Publications, database	Victims	Open Literature (www)
	National Center for PTSD	Victims	Open Literature (www)
Disaster Mental Health Institute	Training, consultation, interventions	Multiple	Fee-for-Service
International Critical Incident Stress Foundation (Mitchell)	Critical Incident Stress Debriefing training, network of providers	Workers	Fee-for-Service
International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies	Web Site, journal on stress and coping	Victims	Open Literature (www)
National Research Council	Studies on Risk Communication, 1989, 1996	Community	Open Literature (www)
Rutgers Center for Environmental Communication (Chess)	Studies, advice to governments and industry on dealing with public concern	Community	Fee-for-Service
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Admin (Flynn)	FEMA Crisis Counseling Assistance and Training Program (CCP)	Victims	Federal Response Plan
U of Delaware Disaster Research Center (Nigg)	Disaster Recovery as a Social Process and similar studies	Multiple	Open Literature (www)
Uniformed Services Univ of Health Sciences (Norwood)	Center for Stress Studies--Studies, advice on stress and coping in military	Multiple	Open Literature (www)
Uniformed Services Univ of Health Sciences (Ursano)	Psychiatry Dept.--Studies, advice on stress and coping in military situations	Multiple	Open Literature (www)
Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (Belenky)	Studies, advice on stress and coping in military situations	Multiple	Open Literature (www)

Availability	Product/Model	Agent Type	Source
Beta testing
	BWD Incident Repository	Bio	DARPA/Oracle (S. Kennedy)
	BWDAD (Biological Warfare Defense Anchor Desk)	Bio	DARPA/SAIC (R. Goodwin)
	BITLAS (Biological integration team large area simulation model)	Bio	OptiMetrics, Inc.
	Accelerated Consequences Management	C/B	DARPA (J. Silva)
	GRIP (Global Response Incident Planner)	C/B	DARPA/BBN (M. Callaghan)
	Field Inventory Survey Tool	C/B	DARPA/BBN (M. Callaghan)
	Casualty Triage Tag	C/B	DARPA/Ellora Software (J. Bachant)
	MMTandE (Military Medical Training and Evaluation)	C/B	DARPA/Michigan S.U. (J. Downs); U of TX (S. Hufnagel); SAIC
	EMCR (Electronic Medical Care Record Repository)	C/B	DARPA/Oracle (S. Kennedy)
	Essential Medical Data Set	C/B	DARPA/Oracle (S. Kennedy)
	CODA (Chemical/biological Operational Decision Aid)	C/B	DARPA/Pacific -Sierra Research
	COC (Command Operations Center of the Future)	C/B	DARPA/ScrenPro (J. Mantock)
	AAHAWS (Automated atmospheric hazard assessment/warning system)	C/B	Mevatec Corp/ENSR Consulting
Operational
	HASCAL/SCIPUFF (Hazard Assessment System for Consequence Analysis)	C/B	Defense Special Weapons Agency
	CATS/WMD (Consequences Assessment Tool Set)	C/B	Defense Special Weapons Agency
	NBC Warn (Nuclear, biological, and chemical warning and reporting network software)	C/B	OptiMetrics, Inc.
	ALOHA	Chem	EPA
Planned
	Pgm for Response Options and Technology Enhancements for Terrorism in Subways	C/B	Argonne National Lab (Policastro)
	Urban Transport of CW/BW Aerosols	C/B	Lawrence Livermore (Ermak, Imbro); McArthur Found. (Stanford/Wilkening)
	CBW Environment/Challege and Mobile Force Operability Modeling and Simulation	C/B	NSWC Dahlgren

     A wide variety of sources were used in assembling the above inventory. The initial meeting of the committee in July of 1997 provided an overview of important organizations and R&D programs within the federal government. Follow-up with the briefers provided a more detailed list of projects and points of contact for technical information. The Office of Emergency Preparedness shared information on promising technology from its files, and of course the committee members themselves contributed both personal contacts and specific information from their own files and experience. The World Wide Web provided much information about both relevant commercial products and R&D activity, and the following databases were accessed and searched: National Technical Information Service, Defense Technical Information Center, Federal Research in Progress, Federal Conference Papers, Medline, MedStar, HSRProj.

     Although we are still actively seeking additional information on many of the technologies already located, information on the products in the above inventory was distilled from a ProCite database of more than 430 records and entered into a series of databases, a description of which constitutes this gap and overlap analysis. In the process, we eliminated most products or R&D that did not explicitly address military chemical or biological agents or appear to be sufficiently generic in nature to encompass those agents without a major change. Exceptions were made only in categories in which there were very few or no products or R&D explicitly directed at chemical and biological weapons. We also excluded technology represented in our database by only a single experiment, journal article, or SBIR contract (i.e., we focus on products and R&D programs).

     The overall organization of the inventory roughly parallels that of the interim report: Separate sections address detection (in the environment, and in patient fluids), detection of a covert attack in a population (Epidemiology), protection, decontamination, treatment, psychological effects, and computer software. The inventory has no sections on pre-incident intelligence or safe and effective patient extraction, because we uncovered no relevant products or research (we recognize that there is a great deal of intelligence activity devoted to prevention of terrorism, but our task is to address consequence management--our inclusion of a pre-incident intelligence section in the interim report was solely to make the point that whatever the readiness of the civilian medical community, any pre-incident warning will amplify effectiveness manyfold). An additional difference from the interim report organization is a section on computer models. The inventory includes a source for the products or the laboratory and PI performing the research, and a judgment about the product's state of development (availability).

     With 173 entries in the detector database, it became more manageable to divide the database into those detection devices intended for biological agents and those intended for chemical agents (there are 7 devices intended for both biological and chemical agents and these were included in each separate database).

     Most of the funding for biodetection devices comes from the Department of Defense (56%), with 18% from commercial ventures. DoE, FDA, NASA, and TSWG account for the remaining 26%. With only 6 (out of 73) devices commercially available, 92% are in either the field testing stage (40%) or still in the laboratory (52%).

     Where they are used. There are only 17 devices in the database that are explicitly intended for diagnostic purposes, that is, detecting biological agent in fluid or tissue samples from a patient. Most (85%) current devices are designed to detect biohazards in the environment (liquid, air, surface, or other). Seven devices in the inventory are designed to detect agent in either patients or the environment, and numerous others aimed at environmental monitoring or detection could be adapted to patient diagnostics, but not without considerable additional research.

     What is needed. The most prevalent medium needed is liquid (44%), although 18 devices are designed to detect agent in the air. Twelve devices utilize either liquid or air samples. Twenty-eight items (40%) provide numeric estimates of agent concentration. A third (33%) of the biodetection devices do not provide a quantitative estimate of the pathogen detected, and another 27% of the devices provide no information whatsoever about quantification.

     Speed and portability. According to the inventory, device portability is evenly distributed among hand-held, carriable by man, truck-loaded, or fixed. However, much of the newest research focuses on miniaturization of detectors. Fifty-nine percent of the devices in the inventory will provide results in a matter of minutes. Eight devices (11%) can or will detect agent in a matter of seconds.

     How they work. There are basically two types of technology needed in a biodetection device: (1) detection technology and (2) reporting technology. Detection technology refers to the mechanism by which the device differentiates the target from other organisms or molecules. Reporting technology refers to the transduction mechanism that makes the detection event apparent to a human observer. Thirty percent of the devices in the inventory depend upon nucleic acid hybridization for detection, while 23% use antibody/antigen binding. The remaining devices use chemical reactions, the composition of agent (size, charge, mass), ligand/receptor binding, or more than one of these technologies. Forty-one percent of the reporting technology is optical, with other devices using technologies based on charge, color, mass, electrochemical reaction, or some combination.

     There are 100 entries in the chemical detector inventory. Twenty-eight percent of the entries are funded by the Department of Defense and 56% by commercial companies. Other funders include DoE, EPA, NASA, and TSWG. Chemical detection devices are much more developed than their biological counterparts; 60% of the items in the inventory are commercially available, with only 13% still in the field testing stage and 16% in the laboratory. It is also worth noting that there are three commercial devices that are designed specifically for a civilian market.

      Where they are used. The overwhelming majority (96%) of the chemical agent detectors are intended to detect agent in the environment, with only 4% designed to detect agent in patients.

     What is needed. Forty-two percent of the devices provide a numerical estimate of agent concentration, but 47% only indicate the presence or absence of agent. There are four items in the inventory that will indicate a "High" or "Low" concentration of agent.

     Speed and portability. Ninety-two percent of the chemical detection devices in the inventory are able to provide information about agents within minutes or seconds (43% and 49%, respectively). Fifty-one percent are hand-held devices, 10% can be moved by one man, 12% can be moved by truck to the site of a suspected attack, and 23% are fixed in one location (e.g., a ship or a laboratory).

      How they work. The detector technology used by 24% of these devices depends upon a chemical reaction. Other technologies used in the detection process are: agent composition (mass, charge, or size) absorption, ligand/receptor binding, mass (mass spectrometry, piezoelectric, surface acoustic wave, or multiple technologies). For the reporting phase of the sources, technologies include: charge (1%), color (12%), electrochemical (8%), atomic emission spectrum (1%), photo-acoustic (2%), surface acoustic wave (7%), or some combination or hybrid (8%) of these technologies.

     There are six products in this database. Three (the NBC indicator symptom matrix, Associates diagnostic software, and the Global Infectious Disease and Epidemiology Index [GIDEON]) are fully operational. The three Micromedex products (Poisindex, Drugdex, and Emergindex) are databases in use in poison centers and hospitals. Poisindex and Drugdex provide information on poisonous chemicals and drugs, while Emergindex is used for emergencies of unknown etiology. Only Emergindex is currently structured to provide diagnostic and treatment information based on signs and symptoms, but Micromedex is attempting to reengineer the other two databases to make this possible. At present, they require chemical or drug names as input.

     The NBC indicator symptom matrix assumes that one of the traditional military chemical weapons is involved, and simply facilitates differential diagnosis among them. The other databases are larger in scope, but include some or all of the chemical or biological weapon agents.

     The products in this database are potentially relevant in identifying outbreaks of disease in populations (as opposed to individual patients). There are 15 entries, 12 of which are operational at this time, the Emerging Infectious Disease Initiative of the CDC, which is a long-term project just getting under way, and the Global Public Health Intelligence of Health Canada, and the DoD's Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (DoD-GEIS) are two recently announced initiatives to be started in the near future.

     There are 63 entries in the personal protective equipment database. Of these, the vast majority (86%) of these products are designed to protect against both chemical and biological agents (8 are for chemicals only and one is for biological agents only). Many of the products are commercially available (44%), but 3 items are unique to the military. Also represented is equipment from 18 other countries. The U.S. Department of Defense (17 entries) and the multi-agency Technical Support Working Group (6 entries) sponsor laboratory research or field testing in this area. The type of equipment is evenly divided between protective clothing and breathing apparatus (both at 41%), with 11 entries that offer both types of protection.

     Seventy-eight percent of the 33 products in this database involve strictly chemical decontamination. The remaining products are designed to decontaminate either biological agents alone (13%), or both biological and chemical agents together (9%). Only 10 (31%) are commercially available. Three of these 10 items are focused on decontamination of people, 4 on equipment or materiel decon, and 3 might be used for decon of either people or inanimate objects. Twenty-two entries (69%) are currently in research and development, which is largely funded by government agencies. The Department of Defense funds 50%, the Department of Energy 32%, and the multiagency Technical Services Working Group 9% of the decontamination products listed as in research or field testing. Only 4 of the 22 R&D items in the inventory are focused on biological agent decontamination; 2 items pertain to both chemical and biological agents; and 13 focus on chemical agents. Thirty-six percent of the products being researched are potentially applicable to human decontamination; the remainder focus solely on decon of inanimate objects.

     Of the 128 treatment products in the inventory, 88 (69%) are intended for biological agents, leaving 40 (32%) for the treatment of chemical agents. Funding for treatment research is provided largely by DoD (43%) and commercial institutions (34%). NIH accounts for 18% of the funding, leaving only 5% of the funding from the Public Health Service.

     The biological agents for which at least one treatment is being tested or is already available are: anthrax, brucella, C. botulinum, dengue, Ebola, EEE, Lassa, plague, Q-fever, ricin, SEB, smallpox, T-2 mycotoxin, tularemia, VEE, and WEE. Other entries involve broader treatments of more than one bacteria, virus, or toxin. Treatments for viruses, C. botulinum, and T-2 mycotoxin account for 35% of the treatment entries in the inventory (13%, 12%, and 10%, respectively)

     Despite the abundant research on treatments of biological agents, most (65%) are in the preclinical stage of development. There are 13 (15%) INDs and 16 (19%) commercially available treatment products. There are 5 INDs for C. botulinum treatments, 1 for EEE, 1 for Q-fever, 1 for ricin, and 1 for smallpox. With the exception of tularemia, which has only one commercially available product and none in development, all of the agents listed above have at least one preclinical product under investigation. As might be expected, given the research status of most of the entries, there is no evidence or only partial evidence of efficacy in 53% of the treatment products. There is evidence of efficacy in animals in 21% of the entries, but only 3 (4%) entries with proven efficacy in humans.

     The chemical agents considered for this inventory are: cyanide, nerve agents, phosgene, and vesicants. Out of the 40 treatment products in the inventory, 43% are for nerve agents, 30% for cyanide, 15% for vesicants, and 12% for phosgene. There is currently only one IND and it is for a cyanide treatment. As in biological treatments, most (53%) treatment products for chemical agents are in the preclinical stage of development; however, 35% of the chemical agent treatments are commercially available in the United States. There is animal evidence of efficacy in 68% of the entries, and 8 (20%) proven treatments in humans. The remaining products have no evidence or only partial evidence of efficacy.

     This is a unique section of the inventory because the committee was unable to identify any "products" specifically connected with chemical or biological terrorism. The inventory thus focuses on information and resources regarding the psychological effects and treatment of trauma and disasters in general. There are 16 entries ranging from Web sites, to current studies, to publications. One entry focuses solely on rescue and health care workers; 4 solely on trauma victims themselves; and 2 focus on community-wide effects. The remaining seven include more than one of the above in their scope--usually victims and workers. Unfortunately, there is a dearth of information and resources about specific populations of victims such as the elderly, children, the disabled, and other special groups outside of the average adult male and female.

     The 20 items in this database fall in two main categories: (1) information about agent transport, and (2) information about incident management. There are 10 models in each category. Most (13) are in beta testing, 4 are available for use at this time or are being used for purposes other than assisting authorities plan for responding to chemical or biological terrorism, and three are in the planning stage. The Department of Defense is funding 15 products, DoE 3, EPA 1, and 1 is funded by a commercial organization.