New Horizons in Health An Integrative Approach (2001) / Chapter Skim
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Positive Health: Resilience, Recovery, Primary Prevention, and Health Promotion
Positive Health: Resilience, Recovery, Primary Prevention, and Health Promotion
Pages 45-62
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From page 45... ...
and primary prevention (e.g., Raczynski and DiClemente, 1999; National Advisory Mental Health Council, 1998~. Going beyond efforts to resist disease or recover from it, the focus on positive health also encompasses the need to understand and promote optimal human functioning.
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From page 46... ...
Thus, reducing profiles of risk associated with negative behavioral, environmental, and psychosocial influences must be a key target for avoiding adverse health outcomes or delaying their onset. The positive health focus, however, calls for more, namely, the promoting of positive behavioral, environmental, and psychosocial factors viewed as protective influences in "salutogenesis" (Antonovsky, 1987)
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From page 47... ...
This is a call for increased support for multidisciplinary investigations that are centrally concerned with bridging between biomedical and social behavioral research. These have frequently been studied as separate realms or, when put together, have typically focused on adverse health consequences of maladaptive behaviors or on psychosocial stress and dysfunction.
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From page 48... ...
Not all individuals with limited life resources and opportunities have poor health; in fact, some show optimal physical and mental health. Greater scientific investment is needed to explain the behavioral, psychosocial, and biological protective factors that underlie class-related health resilience.
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From page 49... ...
Advances in these directions are already underway, as shown by recent reports (e.g., Behavioral Research in Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Health and Disease by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (1998) and Basic Behavioral Science Research for Mental Health by the National Institute of Mental Health (1995~.
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From page 50... ...
, and these possibilities must also be part of future agendas. Other factors contributing to differential survival profiles include social and emotional support.
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From page 51... ...
for expanding preventive programs across the institutes of NIH, we draw attention to a recent National Advisory Mental Health Council report entitled Priorities for Prevention Research at the NIMH (1998~. The report discussed basic biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors (and their interactive influences)
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From page 52... ...
Prevention research has encompassed the life span (Albee and Gulotta, 1997; Millstein et al., 1993) , including early interventions for children at risk, fostering resilient outcomes in children of divorce, promoting life skills training for adolescents at risk, and developing adult programs to promote reemployment following job loss.
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From page 53... ...
Far greater attention must be given to factors such as the personal motivation, values, skills, and intellectual resources needed to change behavior and to whether surrounding contexts and environments support the needed behavioral change. These issues call for a new era of scientific studies of why maladaptive behaviors are so intransigent, particularly when knowledge of related health risks is widely available, and what can be done to modify these behaviors.
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From page 54... ...
NEW DIRECTIONS IN POSITIVE HEALTH PROMOTION While primary prevention is the cornerstone of good public health, the most proactive version of positive health is the promotion of optimal health behaviors and sustaining supportive environments. The distinction between primary prevention and positive health promotion is usefully illustrated with an intervention program designed to teach "life skills" to highrisk adolescents (Danish, 1997~.
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From page 55... ...
Perhaps the most extensive documentation of salubrious effects following from the social realm pertains to social relationships/social support and health. Epidemiological studies have mapped contributions of the social ties and integration to host resistance, reduced morbidity, and delayed mortality (Berkman, 1995; Cassel, 1976; House et al., 1988~.
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From page 56... ...
The integration of these realms with an explicit focus on primary prevention and positive health promotion is a key route to improving the health of the U.S. population.
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From page 57... ...
that promote recovery and increased survival rates; · initiate new investigations that will advance knowledge of resilience in the face of life adversity, giving particular emphasis to longitudinal stud~es; · advance the science of primary prevention, giving particular attent~on to overcoming persistent maladaptive behaviors (e.g., drinking, smoking, sedentary lifestyles, poor stress management) ; · develop new population-based initiatives, implemented at local community levels, that promote health via the teaching of positive life practices and the provision of environmental supports to sustain them.
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From page 58... ...
1999 "The importance of health promotion and disease prevention" in Raczynski JM, DiClemente RJ (eds.)
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From page 59... ...
Galea LAM, Fuchs E 1997 "Neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the adult tree shrew is regulated by psychosocial stress and NMDA receptor activation" Journal of Neuroscience 17:2492-2498.
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From page 60... ...
. Handbook of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention (New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers)
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From page 61... ...
In press "Group psychotherapy for women with breast cancer: Relationships among social support, emotional expression, and survival" in Ryff CD, Singer B (eds.)
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From page 62... ...
. Handbook of HealtI7 Promotion and Disease Prevention (New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers)
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