The National Academies Press

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Pages 21-37

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From page 21... ... Such use has been associated with increased deaths from lung cancer and other disease, notably coronary artery disease, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema. These widely reported findings, which have been the cause of much public concern over the past decade have been accepted in many countries by official health agencies, medical associations, and voluntary health organizations." Smoking and Health, Report of the Advisory Committee to the Surgeon General of the Public Health Service, 1964. Read the entire page →
From page 22... ... . Smoking rates vary greatly among racial and ethnic groups within the United States (CDC, 2000b) Read the entire page →
From page 23... ... Large-scale epidemiological studies conducted in the 1950s supported the causal relationship between cigarette smoking and lung cancer and other diseases. These studies detailed the doseresponse relationship between number of cigarettes smoked and individual risk for lung cancer. Read the entire page →
From page 25... ... Tobacco harm reduction refers simply to the goal of reducing harm to health from tobacco use, including environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) Read the entire page →
From page 26... ... One of the first product innovations introduced with the potential and promise of harm reduction was filters. Filters reduce the amount of toxicants that go into the smoke inhaled by a smoker. Read the entire page →
From page 27... ... DEFINITIONS Definitions of tobacco products are important for legal and regulatory purposes. Definitions are important also as the reader considers the harm reduction strategies discussed in this report. Read the entire page →
From page 28... ... Worrisome as harm reduction might be to those who have studied the history and disappointments of low-yield cigarettes, PREPs are currently available and likely are here to stay. NICOTINE There is disagreement among tobacco control experts about the optimal content of nicotine in tobacco products. Read the entire page →
From page 29... ... These two classes of drugs are nicotine products, of which there are several such as patch, gum, inhaler, and nasal spray preparations, and nonnicotine products. To date, only one product that does not contain nicotine has been approved by the FDA for tobacco cessation and is on the market a slow-release bupropion preparation, Zyban. Read the entire page →
From page 30... ... This disparity between strict regulation of nicotine replacement products (and Zyban) compared to tobacco products puts the safest form of nicotine administration at serious marketing disadvantage. Read the entire page →
From page 31... ... Purported harm reduction tobacco products have been introduced into the U.S. marketplace periodically over the last 50 years. Read the entire page →
From page 32... ... The committee hopes the report will also be useful to similar groups in other countries, some of which are examining the harm reduction issue at present and to the global tobacco control community. Committee expertise includes clinical medicine, epidemiology, toxicology, pharmacology, behavioral sciences, regulatory policy, and public health. Read the entire page →
From page 33... ... APPLICATION OF RISK ASSESSMENT TO TOBACCO HARM REDUCTION Predicting human health risks from toxic exposures, such as those associated with occupational and environmental toxicants, frequently involves a risk assessment process such as that outlined in "Risk Assessment in the Federal Government" (NRC, 1983) , a report produced at the request of the U.S. Read the entire page →
From page 34... ... The committee has used the Red Book risk assessment paradigm in its approach to assessing the science base for tobacco harm reduction. Chapter 5 includes a discussion of the special challenges tobacco (and PREPs in particular) Read the entire page →
From page 35... ... 27 CFR 290.11 (1997) Exportation of tobacco products and cigarette papers and tubes, without payment: Subpart B-Definitions. Read the entire page →
From page 36... ... 2000. Cigarette smoking: health issues for smokers. Read the entire page →

From page 21...

... Such use has been associated with increased deaths from lung cancer and other disease, notably coronary artery disease, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema. These widely reported findings, which have been the cause of much public concern over the past decade have been accepted in many countries by official health agencies, medical associations, and voluntary health organizations." Smoking and Health, Report of the Advisory Committee to the Surgeon General of the Public Health Service, 1964.