The Airliner Cabin Environment and the Health of Passengers and Crew (2002) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 1-14
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In flight, people encounter a combination of environmental factors that includes low humidity, reduced air pressure, and potential exposure to air contaminants, such as ozone (03) , carbon monoxide (CO)
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Ford Aviation Investment and Reform Act of the 2Ist Century, enacted in 2000~irected the FAA to ask the NRC to perform another independent study to assess airborne contaminants in commercial aircraft, to evaluate their toxicity and associated health effects, and to recommend approaches to improve cabin air quality. THE CHARGE TO THE COMMITTEE The NRC convened a new committee, the Committee on Air Quality in Passenger Cabins of Commercial Aircraft, which prepared this report.
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Various aircraft models might differ in cabin air quality, but the committee considered the exposure and health-related issues to be applicable to most commercial aircraft systems. THE COMMITTEE'S EVALUATION Aircraft Systems Commercial jet aircraft operate in an external environment that varies widely in temperature, air pressure, and relative humidity as they move from taxiing end takeoffthrough cruise to descent and landing.
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There are two distinct types of contaminant exposures: those which occur under routine operating conditions and those which occur under abnormal operating conditions. Contaminant exposures that occur under routine conditions include odors and gases emitted by passengers, O3 that enters with ventilation air during highaltitude cruise, organic compounds emitted from residual cleaning matenals and other materials in the cabm, and infectious agents, allergens, irritants, and toxicants.
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The ECS can be a source of contamination. Problems arise when engine lubricating oils, hydraulic fluids, or deicing fluids unintentionally enter the cabin through the air-supply system from the engines in what is called bleed air.
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Therefore, establishing a causal relationship between cabin air quality and the health complaints of cabin crew and passengers is extremely difficult. Among the possible causes of the symptoms reported by passengers and cabin crew are the cabin environment itself (e.g., cabin pressure and relative humidity)
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RECOMMENDATIONS 1. FAA should rigorously demonstrate in public reports the adequacy of current and proposed FARs related to cabin air quality and should provide quantitative evidence and rationales to support sections of the FARs that establish air-quality-related design and operational standards for aircraft (standards for CO, CO2, 03, ventilation, anc3 cabin pressure)
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5. Because ofthe potential for serious health effects related to exposures of sensitive people to allergens, the need to prohibit transport of small animals in aircraft cabins should be investigated, and cabin crews should be trained to recognize and respond to severe, potentially life-threatening responses (e.g., anaphylaxis, severe asthma attacks)
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· Air-quality incidents. What is the toxicity ofthe constituents or degradation products of engine Lubricating oils, hydraulic fluids, end deicing fluids, and is there a relationship between exposures to them end reported health effects on cabin crew?
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