The Role of Environmental NGOs: Russian Challenges, American Lessons Proceedings of a Workshop (2001) / Chapter Skim
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21 Interaction of Nongovernmental Organizations and Regional Authorities in Solving Problems of the Lake Baikal Region
21 Interaction of Nongovernmental Organizations and Regional Authorities in Solving Problems of the Lake Baikal Region
Pages 169-178
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From page 169... ...
. Principle 4 of the adopted Declaration states: "In order to achieve sustainable development, environmental protection shall constitute an integral part of the development process and cannot be considered in isolation from it." The Lake Baikal region is an example of a territory that has not only national, but also international importance.
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From page 170... ...
At present in accordance with the Law of the Russian Federation "On Protection of Lake Baikal," the Baikal region is divided into three zones: · Central ecological zone ("the core":territory that includes Lake Baikal and islands, a water protection zone adjacent to Lake Baikal, and protected natural territories adjacent to Lake Baikal; · Buffer ecological zone—territory outside the central ecological zone that includes the watershed of Lake Baikal within the bounds of the Russian Federation; · Ecological zone of atmospheric effect territory outside the watershed of Lake Baikal within the bounds of the Russian Federation up to 200 km. wide to the north and northwest of the watershed where there are economic units with activity that has a negative influence on Lake Baikal.
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From page 171... ...
While solving the questions of environmental protection in the Baikal region, particular attention must be paid to preservation of biological diversity which means, according to the Convention on Biological Diversity, variability of living organisms from all sources including soil, sea, and other water ecosystems as well as ecological complexes including these components. For addressing the questions of preservation of the Baikal region, the normative-legal basis includes both international documents and the laws of the Russian Federation: 1972.
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From page 172... ...
The most active supporters of environmental protection in the Baikal region are the following public organizations: · Baikal Ecological Wave, which has organized regular publication of the ecological magazine Wave. · Baikal Ecological Parliament, with prominent scientists from Irkutsk as its members.
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From page 173... ...
· To establish a standing network of ecological organizations of Irkutsk Oblast and the Republic of Buryatia, including consumers and distributors of this information. The project participants have defined the concept of providing the population of the Baikal region with information as a strategy of collecting, processing, and presenting data about natural resources of the territory based on the principles of integration and legal responsibility, using up-to-date information technologies to make well-grounded decisions regarding nature management in the region.
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From page 174... ...
Some of the project participants are: · State Committee on Environmental Protection · Committee on Natural Resources · Department of Nature Management, Irkutsk Oblast Administration · Angara-Baikal Basin Water Department · Irkutsk Territory Department of Hydrology, Meteorology, and Environmental Monitoring · Irkutsk Hydro-Electric Station Administration · Irkutskenergo Joint-Stock Company · Baikal-Angara Department of Waterways and Navigation · Committee on Nature Management Legislation and Ecology of the Irkutsk Oblast Legislative Assembly · Limnological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) · Institute of Geography, RAS · Energy Systems Institute, RAS · Institute of Geochemistry, RAS · Institute of the Earth's Crust, RAS · Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, RAS · Institute of Biological Research at Irkustk State University · Irkutsk Refrigeration Industrial Complex (state-owned enterprise)
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From page 175... ...
· A new way of obtaining drinking water from the depths of Lake Bakial has been developed and patented, and production of bottled water has been organized as an alternative type of profitable production. At the same time, experience makes it possible to identify the reasons why environmental programs being realized by local government bodies in cooperation with public organizations and population are not completely effective.
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From page 176... ...
On the other hand, the ecological fragility of the natural landscape system of the region, especially the ecosystem of Lake Baikal, will determine the high requirements for social and economic development processes, including the ethics and aesthetics of nature management oriented toward the fixture. Lake Baikal and the whole Baikal region should become an area for international cooperation of intellectual, financial, material, and human efforts aimed at solving the integrated problems of the survival of mankind and the preservation of the biosphere.
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From page 177... ...
SOL KING PROBLEMS OF THE LAKE BAIKAL REGION TABLE 2 Drinking Water Standards 177 All-Union US EPA Switzerland, State Bottled High quality "Baikal Components EEC Standard (w94) o Water Water Water" Drinking Water Chlorides 200 250 250 250 20 0.5 mgA Sulphates 200 250 250 250 10 5.4 mg/1 Calcium mg/l 270 40 17 Magnesium 50 5 3.4 mg/1 Sodium mg/1 150 200 200 20 3.4 Potassium 12 10 0.9 mgA Aluminium 0.2 0 05 0003 mg/1 Solid residual 1500 1000 100 96 mg/1 Fluorine mg/1 1.5 2.4 0.2 Nitrates mg/1 50 45 50 10 25 0.4 Nitrites mg/l 0.1 3 3 0.01 0.005 Ammonium 0 5 0.2 0.05 <0.02 mg/1 Oil product 10 0.1 mkgA Phenols mkg/1 5 1 0.5 <0.1 Natural iron 3000 300 300 mkg/1 Manganese 50 100 500 50 20 0.6 mkg/1 Copper mkg/1 1500 1000 2000 1000 50 0.3 Zinc mkg/l 5000 300 3000 5000 100 0.5 Arsenic mkg/1 50 10 10 50 2 <1 Cadmium 5 1.0 3 10 0.5 0.02 mkg/1 Chromium 50 50 50 50 1 <0.2 mkg/1 Mercury 1 0.5 1 2 0.1 <0.1 mkg/1 Lead mkg/1 50 10 10 50 0 0.05 Selenium 10 10 10 10 1 0.5 mrg/1 Barium mkg/1 100 700 100 10.1 Boron mkg/1 500 300 8.8 Nickel mkg/1 100 20 <2 Strontium 700 110 mkg/1 Antimony 5 <1 mkg/1
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From page 178... ...
2. Ecological passports for different enterprises and institutions functioning in the Baikal region have been developed.
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