Marine Biotechnology in the Twenty-First Century Problems, Promise, and Products (2002) / Chapter Skim
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Session 3: Biomaterials and Bioengineering
Session 3: Biomaterials and Bioengineering
Pages 69-86
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From page 69... ...
~rarlce Genera Pharmaceuticals, Irlc. In turbulent intertidal zones throughout the world, such marine animals as barnacles and mussels tenaciously attach themselves to slippery wet rocks, pilings, or any solid surface.
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From page 70... ...
Some were successful, but recognizing the limitations in the supply of mussels and the degree of difficulty in moving a natural material through the FDA's regulatory approval process, a significant research and development emphasis was
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From page 71... ...
Continuccl experimentation, scientific analysis, ancl consultation with several expert scientists in related fields failed to pinpoint the exact cause of failure. Before it could expect success with a synthetic version, the evidence ancl collective opinion suggested that BioPolymers had to complete its understanding of how the mussel attached to objects ancl, in particular, to identify other components that work with the natural MAP in the adhesion ancl coating process.
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From page 72... ...
· Formulation research should include wound bed stabilizers, as are found in other tissue adhesives, such as fibrin. If these technical tissues were resolved, new components identified and utilized in formulations, the research and development effort could move quickly into testing, because the comprehensive in vitro, in viva, and safety models developed are still applicable and relevant.
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From page 73... ...
Unfortunately, a cursory literature search ofthe catecholate metal complex patent revealed a large body of previous art. However, specific patent searches on supported catecholate complexing agents did not identify previous art that would preclude patent protection for this technology.
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From page 74... ...
677, 1991) This invention relates to adhesive formulations that are derived from bioadhesive polyphenolic proteins and used in a wide variety of applications.
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From page 75... ...
Principal Research Scientist, Bio materials State University of New York at Buffalo Imagine yourself cruising in a sleek, new fishing boat off the Atlantic shore, making good speed, when suddenly porpoises, so common in these waters, begin to frolic near your boat. Although you are going as fast as you can, these friendly marine mammals probably will not only keep up with you, but will swim circles around you, even without riding your bow wave.
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From page 76... ...
for biomedical applications has been extensive in recent years, no consistently satisfactory molecular-level approach to drag reduction and lubrication has been developed for long-term use. Perhaps answers rest with the confounding complexity of natural fluids and surfaces at the molecular level.
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From page 77... ...
What are the qualities of killer whale "tear gel" in this regard? Marine Product Development: "Assistive Technologies" Although the focus of this workshop is on biomedical applications of natural marine products, we also should consider how these organisms and molecules will be renewably collected from marine life or mined from the sea surface, the subsurface, and the sea floor.
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From page 78... ...
Scale-up of these designs for treatment and collection of trace marine natural products could be a practical path to harvesting of new medicinal agents. Summary The usual trend in fields of science and engineering is to replace precious natural products with synthetic substances.
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From page 79... ...
Replamineform, meaning replicated life-forms, describes a method for making microporous materials made by using the calcium carbonate skeleton of several forms of marine life as a template (White et al., 19721. Threedimensionally microporous skeletons are found in echinoderms and certain species of coral.
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Positive or negative replications of the microstructure can be produced using direct impregnation or lost wax casting techniques (Weber et al., 1971; Weber and White, 19731. The calcium carbonate template is removed by immersing the composite in dilute acid solution.
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From page 81... ...
Replamineform vascular prostheses fabricated in medical-grade polyurethane become rapidly incorporated with a thin, stable, neointimal flow surface (White et al., 19761. Similar results have been generated using vascular grafts made of silicone rubber, and in fact, independent effects of pore size and biomaterial on tissue incorporation of the prostheses have been described (Hiratzka, 19791.
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From page 82... ...
Thus, tissue incorporation of the prostheses may be inhibited by chronic infection. Early work demonstrated successful replacement for up to 21 months in mongrel dogs using 3-cmlong replamineform microporous tracheas (Nelson et al., 19791.
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From page 83... ...
1976. Preliminary report: evaluation of tissue ingrowth into experimental replamineform vascular prostheses.
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In bone-tissue engineering, these hydroxyapatite materials have been used as parts of composites for hard-tissue regeneration. The hydroxyapatite acts as a reinforcing phase for the matrix and modulates mechanical properties while permitting the maintenance of biological response.
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From page 85... ...
present important alternatives and challenges for use in biomedical applications. Collectively, their true places in drug delivery, gene therapy, and tissue engineering is yet to be determined.
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From page 86... ...
Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 18:133-162.
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