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Safe on Mars Precursor Measurements Necessary to Support Human Operations on the Martian Surface (2002) / Chapter Skim
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2. The Mars Program in Context
Pages 9-14

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From page 9...
... Unless provisions can be made to counter the microgravity environment (by means of exercise protocols or by inducing artificial gravity) and harsh radiation conditions in space, the potential negative effects on health of the longer transit time (short-stay mission)
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From page 10...
... ROVER TECHNOLOGIES AND ROBOTICS Even though there is no baseline mission defined for human missions to Mars, it is likely that rovers of some form will be used to perform functions critical to the safety of the astronauts. For example, human assistant rovers may carry life support equipment, while others robots, such as slow-moving scientific rovers, will likely perform mission-critical functions.
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From page 11...
... The committee believes, however, that the engineering knowledge being gained from the science rovers will not scale up nor will it easily apply to human assistant rovers or larger pressurized or unpressurized human transport rovers. Furthermore, the committee notes that current science rover activities do not provide an adequate research base for the development of rovers needed for the human exploration of Mars.
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From page 12...
... A human-rated system risk rating is one that "incorporates those designs, features, and operational procedures needed to accommodate human participants, allowing NASA to safely conduct human operations, including safe recovery of astronauts from any credible emergency situation" (NASA, 1998~. As stated in the above-mentioned NASA human missions requirements document, "many of the detailed requirements required to implement these .
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From page 13...
... EPA, and this committee are in general agreement on The 1 in 10,000 maximum risk in the committee's the concentration limits for hazardous chemicals pro ARR is based on studies by the NRC's Committee on ducing acceptable risks for astronauts. The reader is Toxicology (see Box 2.2~.
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From page 14...
... 1992b. Guidelines for Developing Spacecraft Maximum Allowable Concentrations for Space Station Contaminants.
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Key Terms

  • risk estimates
  • exposure limits
  • assistant rovers
  • earth orbit
  • martian surface

  • human transport
  • human missions
  • science rovers
  • beyond earth
  • space station

  • transport rovers
  • occupational safety
  • getting cancer
  • committee chose
  • allowable concentrations

  • airborne dust
  • toxic metals
  • maximum allowable
  • fatal cancer
  • chemical hazards

  • nasa smart
  • acceptable risk
  • spacecraft maximum
  • human exploration
  • martian environment

  • smart lander
  • risk factors
  • power supplies
  • astronauts getting
  • human mission


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