Weather Radar Technology Beyond NEXRAD (2002) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 1-7
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In order to address this issue, a National Research Council (NRC) committee was convened, charged with the following task: To determine the state of knowledge regarding ground-based weather surveillance radar technology and identify the most promising approaches for the design of the replacement for the present Doppler Weather Radar.
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On regional scales, the combination of the primary radar with subsidiary radars (either fixed or mobile) with satellite data, with automated meteorological measurements from aircraft, and with a network of ground-based meteorological instruments reporting in real time has been shown to provide enhanced nowcasting and short-term forecasting capabilities.
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The desire for more rapid update cycles is widespread, as are concerns about data quality. Recommendation Near-term The Radar Operation Center and the NEXRAD Product Improvement Program mechanisms should be extended to permit continual improvement to the NEXRAD system.
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Adaptive waveform selection and volume scan patterns are important for optimizing radar performance in different weather situations. Radar systems with phased-array antennas and advanced waveforms can support a broad range of applications with observation times sufficiently short to deal with rapidly evolving weather events such as tornadoes or downburst winds.
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A closely spaced network of short-range radar systems would provide near-surface coverage over a much wider area than the current NEXRAD system. This would expand geographic coverage of low-level winds, precipitation near the surface, and weather phenomena in mountainous regions.
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Recommendation Visionary The capabilities of Unmanned Aerospace Vehicles and piloted aircraft to carry weather radar payloads should be monitored for their potential to provide weather surveillance over the continental United States and over the oceans. AUTOMATED AND INTEGRATED PRODUCTS Weather radar data are being increasingly used not only in forecasting and warning applications but also in climatological studies as well as in a wide variety of other research areas.
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The characteristics of radar observations and associated error statistics must be quantified in ways that are compatible with user community needs. Recommendation Plans for next generation weather radar systems should include provisions for real-time dissemination of data to supportforecast, nowcast, and warning operations and data assimilation for numerical weather prediction, and certain research applications.
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