Science and the Greater Everglades Ecosystem Restoration An Assessment of the Critical Ecosystem Studies Initiative (2003) / Chapter Skim
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1 Introduction and Background
1 Introduction and Background
Pages 7-23
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It then summarizes the science of the greater Everglades ecosystem, including the history and current role of science in guiding restoration planning and decision making. Finally, this chapter describes the role of the Critical Ecosystem Studies Initiative (CEST)
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..... ~ ~~f~ of ~~ 1 FIGURE 1-1 Greater Everglades ecosystem.
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He system as envisioned in the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan. SOURCE: South Florida Water Management District, 2002d.
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Additional hydrological alteration on the eastern boundary of the park, through the construction of the Everglades National Park-South Dade Conveyance System, further threatened the southeastern areas of the park, including Taylor Slough (Figure I-4~. The Corps plan called for installing a major levee and a grid of canals to protect lands east of the park and to carry water from south
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. WATER CONSERVATION ARMS "ST BERG - DEN ENP EXPANSION AR" SOUTH FLORIDA WATER MANAGEMENT DISTRICT BOUNDARY ·-..- EVERGLADES NATIONAL PAI\K BOUNDARY MOB BIG CYPRESS NATIONAL PRESERVE _ I._~.,~ MIAMI in\ ARGUES T10 P - K ~ BASIN art ~ ~ Kilometer6 9~ .~ 0 ~ o 20 30 40 so ·, l20~A ~ of ~ .~ ~ o 10 20 30 ·~6 too Mild .4, ,<~' <,o WEST PALM BEACH FIGURE 1-3 South Florida features rnap, including Everglades National Park, water conservation areas, and select structures.
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< I P roject Ma p Area / > Jim, 'I '-' N I \ Ada pled P rojec t F eatu res Ma p For C-111 and Modified Water Deliveries Miles FIGURE 1-4 Map of eastern Everglades National Park showing current restoration activities to remedy impacts of flow diversion through the South Dade Conveyance. SOURCE: General Accounting Office, 1999.
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, which was approved by Congress in the Water Resources Development Act of 2000 (WRDA 2000~. The overarching objective of the plan was to restore, preserve, and protect the South Florida ecosystem while providing for other water-related needs of the region, including flood protection and water supply (Figure 1-2b)
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14 Science and the Greater Everglades Ecosystem Restoration
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Treatment wetlands would be built along the boundaries of the system. in addition, multipurpose "water preserve areas" are planned between the urban areas and the eastern Everglades to .
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The C-] ~ ~ project is designed to restore the hydrological conditions in the Taylor Slough and Eastern Panhandle basins, eliminate damaging freshwater flows to Manatee Bay and Barnes Sound in Biscayne National Park, and maintain flood protection for the C-111 Basin.
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are designed to reduce the levels of phosphorus that enter the Everglades. In addition to the STAB, the Everglades Construction Project contains hydropattern restoration projects that would improve the volume, timing, and distribution of water in the Water Conservation Areas.
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, the Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) , Everglades National Park, and later the Flood Control District (predecessor to the SFWMD)
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Adaptive Management and the Beginnings of Everglades Restoration Science The field of environmental management has recently undergone a major paradigm shift to a framework known as adaptive management (Holling, 1978; Walters, 1986, Gunderson et al., 1995~. Adaptive management identifies uncertainties in a complex system and develops ways to test these uncertainties in order to achieve restoration goals.
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Bringing these two cultures together in a politically charged environment as restoration projects are negotiated, approved, constructed, operated, and modified can be difficult, albeit essential. The challenge in the greater Everglades ecosystem restoration is that the structure, composition, and dynamics of the resulting landscape will be self defining and not fully predictable.
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in addition, the National Park Service, as the largest land steward in South Florida, has a lead role in evaluating ecological restoration actions on its lands along with the Fish and Wildlife Service, with support from the USGS. Finally, the DOT has the responsibility of carrying out legislative mandates related to the Endangered Species Act, the National Environmental Policy Act, and the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act.
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GENESIS OF THIS STUDY AND CHARGE TO PANEL Since 1993, Congress has provided considerable financial support for the restoration of the greater Everglades, and it has been assured that science would advise the restoration efforts. In 2001, the House Interior Appropriations Subcommittee expressed concern at the gradual decline of the restoration science budget, noting that the funding for a major component of the science program the CEST had declined from $12 million per year in fiscal year 1998 to $4 million per year in fiscal year 2002.
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The National Research CounciT's Committee on Restoration of the Greater Everglades Ecosystem currently provides scientific overview and assessments of restoration activities, such as its current review of the CERP Monitoring and Assessment Plan (NRC, in press)
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