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Self-Perpetuating Structural States in Biology, Disease, and Genetics (2002) / Chapter Skim
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Does heterochromatin protein 1 always follow code?
Pages 86-93

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From page 86...
... A loss of HP1 leads to lethality- in Drosophila and correlates with metastasis in human breast cancer cells. On Drosophila polytene chromosomes HP1 is localized to centric regions, telomeric regions, in a banded pattern along the fourth chromosome, and at many sites scattered throughout the euchromatic arms.
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From page 87...
... This discovery supports the histone code hypothesis that proposes histone tail modifications serve as specific recognition motifs for chromatin proteins (40~. The HP1 CD, but not the CD of several other proteins, binds methylated lysine nine of histone H3 (41~.
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From page 88...
... The double staining also revealed sites within the euchromatic arms that are detected only by the methyl lysine nine histone H3 antibody. These sites could correspond to different degrees of methylation because the antibody recognizes only dimethylated lysine (Upstate Biotechnology, Lake Placid, NY)
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From page 89...
... nuclear envelope, leaving active regions of the genome free to coalesce into transcription factories within the interior of the nucleus (56~. The localization of HP1 to many sites throughout the Drosophila euchromatic arms brings to question the role of HP1 in the regulation of gene expression.
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From page 90...
... Human HP1 Hsa IF nd 96 ORC1 Drosophila HP1 translP CD, CSD 58 ORC2 Drosophila HP1 IF, exPD, exlP, translP CD, CSD 58 ORC3 Drosophila HP1 translP CD, CSD 58 ORC4 Drosophila HP1 translP CD, CSD 58 ORC5 Drosophila HP1 exlP, translP CD, CSD 58 ORC6 Drosophila HP1 exlP, translP CD, CSD 58 Xorc1 Xenopus XHP1~, XHP17 Y2H nd 58 HOAP Drosophi/a HP1 IF, exlP nd 62 Nuclear architecture Lamin B receptor Human HP1Hs~, HP1Hs0, HP1Hs~ Y2H, rPD, exPD, transPD, exlP CSD 48, 52-54 HP1-BP84 Mouse mHP1ar, M31 Y2H CSD 86 Lamin B Mouse M31 BA CD 55 LAP2,B Mouse M31 BA CD 55 Nuclear envelope Mouse mHP1a~, M31, M32 IF, BA CD 55 Other chromosome-associated proteins Psc3 S pombe Swi6 IF, Y2H, exPD, ChlP CD+Glu-rich 13 DDP1 Drosophila HP1 IF nd 97 Arp4/dArp6 Drosophila HP1 IF nd 98, 99 INCENP Human HP1Hs~, HP1HsY Y2H, transPD Hinge region 100 Ki-67 Human mHP1a, M31, M32 Y2H, exPD, IF CSD 101 SP100B Human HP1Hs~, HP1Hs0, HPlHsY IF, Y2H, rPD, transPD CSD 48, 102, 103 EST AA153281 Mouse mHP1a, M31 Y2H, rPD CSD 37 EST AA003533 Mouse mHP1cY, M31 Y2H, rPD CSD 37 BA, o~nu~ng assay; ChlP, chromatin immunoprecipitation; exlP, co-immunoprecipitation using extract; exPD, pull-down assay using extracts; FAITC, fluorescence anisotropy, isothermal titration calorimetry; FW, farWestern analysis; GFC, gel filtration chromatography; IF, immunofluorescence colocalization; nd, not determined; rlP, coprecipitation using recombinant proteins; rPD, pull-down assay using recombinant proteins; translP, immunoprecipitation with in vitro-translated protein; transPD, pull-down assay using in vitro translated protein; SED, sedimentation assay; SPRA, surface plasmon resonance analysis; Y2H, yeast two-hybrid assay.
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From page 91...
... HP1 fusion proteins containing heterologous DNA binding domains. In mammalian cell transient transfection assays, effects of HP1 fusion proteins on the expression of reporter genes possessing the appropriate DNA binding sequences are assayed.
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From page 92...
... 3-9 was recently purified in a complex with histone deacetylase HDAC1, suggesting that the two proteins might cooperate to methylate previously acetylated histone tails (83~. The identification of HP1 target genes has implications for understanding breast cancer metastasis in humans.
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From page 93...
... 53. Ye, Q., Callebaut, I., Pezhman, A., Courvalin, J
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Key Terms

  • lysine nine
  • breast cancer
  • centric heterochromatin
  • dna sequences
  • polytene chromosomes

  • gene silencing
  • euchromatic arms
  • chromosome association
  • amino acid
  • dna binding

  • methylated lysine
  • centric regions
  • fourth chromosome
  • methylated iysine
  • chromosomal proteins

  • iysine nine
  • repetitive dna
  • cancer cells
  • nuclear envelope
  • binding proteins

  • chromatin structure
  • transcription factors
  • target genes
  • nonhistone chromosomal
  • code hypothesis

  • heterochromatin protein
  • drosophila polytene
  • near centric
  • zinc finger
  • chromatin configuration


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