Evaluation of Alternative Technologies for Disposal of Liquid Wastes from the Explosive Destruction System (2001) / Chapter Skim
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3 Applicability of Treatment Technologies to EDS Liquid Waste Streams
3 Applicability of Treatment Technologies to EDS Liquid Waste Streams
Pages 22-31
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As part of the track-one strategy, the committee recommended that NSCMP should take advantage of available equipment that would require little or no investment that is, it would piggyback on alternative technologies from the ACWA Program or existing commercial technologies, such as chemical oxidation, wet-air/O2 oxidation, or existing plasma arc technology. The committee judged that if any of these existing and available technologies can accomplish the task safely, this might be the most rapid and inexpensive course of action.
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23 TABLE 3-1 NSCMP Technology Test Program Status Technology Vendor/Test Site Feed Streams Gas-phase chemical reduction Supercritical water oxidation (continuous) Supercritical water oxidation (batch)
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Evaluation of Chemical Oxidation for Processing EDS Neutralents The use of chemical oxidants, such as hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate, Oxone,6 and peroxydisulfate, is a promising candidate for treatment of EDS liquid waste streams because of its technical effectiveness for similar wastes, good pollution prevention qualities, robustness, and low cost. Emissions are minimal, and production of chlorodibenzodioxins and chlorodibenzofurans is precluded because of the low temperatures involved.7 The bi.~.gest potential disadvantage of chemical oxidation is that it may not fully mineralize all of the compounds in the neutralents or that it may not mineralize them rapidly enough to be practical.
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unit to process small quantities of organic waste, including chlorine-containing compounds. Testing of this unit on mustard and sarin neutralent as part of the NSCMP's Technology Test Program is scheduled to begin in mid-2001.8 Evaluation of Supercritical Water Oxiclation for Processing EDS Neutralents Supercritical water oxidation (SCWO)
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compounds (Petrov, 1998~. Evaluation of Plasma Arc for Processing EDS Neutralents Plasma arc technology utilizes electrical discharges to produce a field of intense radiant energy and high-temperature ions and electrons that cause dissociation of chemical compounds in a containment vessel.
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The large quantities of metallic sodium that would be needed, and the safety problems associated with the hydrogen, preclude the use of SET for EDS neutralents. RECONSIDERATION OF THE COMMITTEE'S EARLIER RECOMMENDATION ON NEUTRALENT TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES FOR APPLICATION TO LIQUID WASTE STREAMS Table 3-2 summarizes the earlier evaluations of alternative technologies for processing EDS neutralents (NRC,
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Gas-phase chemical reduction Plasma arc Biotreatment Solvated electron technology Simplicity, pollution prevention, low cost Simplicity; subcritical water conditions avoid salt precipitation Strong oxidizing capability Strong oxidizing capability; pollution prevention Good destruction efficiencies for larger organic molecules Good destruction efficiency, robust, promising test results on simulated neutralent Effective on some biodegradable molecules; benign process conditions Effective on some organic waste streams Not proven for neutralents Not proven for neutralents; further treatment of effluents may be necessary; neutralents would have to be diluted Large quantities of toxic and hazardous materials required; pollution control systems immature High temperatures and pressures make system complex and prone to failures; corrosion and plugging due to precipitated salts are problems Produces significant amount of carbon soot as well as a large vapor stream requiring sophisticated treatment Large vapor stream requiring treatment; may not be perceived as true alternative to incineration Low destruction efficiency for some components of EDS neutralent Ineffective for EDS neutralents because of their high water content Promising candidate for targeted R&D program Promising candidate for targeted R&D program Disadvantages outweigh advantages Batch SCWO could address problems of continuous SCWO but requires significant further development Disadvantages outweigh advantages Promising candidate if acceptable to public interest groups Not appropriate for this application Not appropriate for this application SOURCE: NRC (2001a)
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precipitate during treatment of liquid wastes containing explosive residues, which may be present in EDS neutralents (Winkler, 2001~. Electrochemical oxidation with Ce(IV)
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Recommendation: The NSCMP should pursue a two-track strategy to identify a suitable treatment technology for EDS liquid waste streams. As part of the first track, the NSCMP should take advantage of available equipment that would require little or no investment, that is, it should piggyback on alternative technologies from the ACWA Program or on existing commercial technologies, such as chemical oxidation, wet-air/O2 oxidation, or plasma arci~ technology.
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Based on information provided to the committee regarding this test program, the committee has several concerns: · The tests are often conducted with simulated EDS neutralents mixed from laboratory chemicals rather than with actual EDS neutralents. · The Army does not appear to have identified key tracking compounds20 that are the most difficult to destroy and whose disposition can serve as indicators for the performance of the treatment technologies.
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