Satellite Observations of the Earth's Environment Accelerating the Transition of Research to Operations (2003) / Chapter Skim
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4. Opportunities in Satellite Remote Sensing to Realize the Vision
4. Opportunities in Satellite Remote Sensing to Realize the Vision
Pages 35-42
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From page 35... ...
A variety of advanced and complementary instruments on a constellation of satellites in different orbits (e.g., geostationary, polar and inclined low-Earth, highly elliptical or Molniya, and Sun-stationary) , combined with ground-based, balloon, and aircraft in situ and remote sensing systems, will eventually form an intelligent sensor web.
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From page 36... ...
Imaging Fourier transform spectrometers, providing hyperspectral imagery of the atmosphere with unprecedented resolution, are being developed to observe the dynamics of the three-dimensional thermodynamic structure of the troposphere with high spatial and temporal resolution from geostationary satellites. Complementing these thermodynamic observations, a constellation of small, polar-orbiting satellites will retrieve thermodynamic profiles from the tracked GPS radio signals as they are occulted behind Earth's limb.
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From page 37... ...
The latter will acquire the entire raw data stream, provided by the global observation system for numerical weather prediction, and will develop and distribute derived products to the user community. ADVANCES IN DATA PROCESSING AND ASSIMILATION Recent improvements in satellite data-assimilation techniques at modeling centers such as the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)
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From page 38... ...
. Also, aggressive studies of satellite data assimilation and observing system simulation must be initiated well before the targeted launches of new observing capabilities if the numerical tools (i.e., radiative transfer models, expected error characterization, product development, and model initialization strategies)
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From page 39... ...
The GOES program has formally maintained capacity to accommodate demonstration instruments funded from external sources, but the capacity has gone unused primarily because of the long lead times, lack of funding (including that for spacecraft inteuration) , and absence of formal statements of operational requirements.
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From page 40... ...
Program The NASA ESSP program funds missions designed to perform innovative and - - - - - ,- -O - - - - -- - - - -- O - - -- ,- - - - - - - - exploratory science. Measurements selected under ESSP often have significant operational potential, typically providing information on environmental variables that had not been previously measured from space.
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From page 41... ...
The NASA NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP) was established to bridge the gap between the expected operational life of the EOS Aqua satellite and the launch of the first operational satellites in the NPOESS series.
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From page 42... ...
The use of passive microwave imaging sounders from geostationary orbit offers a promising new measurement capability. As with polar-orbiting systems, microwave sounders on geostationary satellites would complement existing infrared sounding sensors to provide temperature and moisture profiles through clouds and measurements of cloud liquid water and convective precipitation.
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