Bridging the Bed-Bench Gap Contributions of the Markey Trust (2004) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix E: Descriptions of Programs Participating in the Workshop on Training Programs in Patient-Oriented Pathobiology for Basic Scientists
Appendix E: Descriptions of Programs Participating in the Workshop on Training Programs in Patient-Oriented Pathobiology for Basic Scientists
Pages 74-108
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San Diego Markey Fellowship System Markey Molecular Medicine Graduate Program University of Virginia . Lucille P
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Nancy Schwartz is the program director. The program accepts second-year students from any one of a number of degree-granting departments and committees, and then provides a focus in molecular medicine for these select students with · a specially designed curriculum; · faculty-sponsored research projects in clinically relevant areas; · a forum for interactive seminars, symposia, and the like; · student research presentations or faculty lectures at quarterly lunches; and · a clinical mentor.
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Coursework During their first two years students take courses that were specially designed for the Markey Molecular Medicine program and are a major feature of the program. Three courses infection and immunity, cardiovascular disease, and cancer biology were developed early in the program.
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For the Molecular Medicine program the student's program of study must be relevant to human biology and in a field where we can offer them clinical expertise and exposure. The number of applicants has varied each year from three to ten, with a maximum of four students having been accepted in any one year.
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THE HARVARD-MARKEY BIOMEDICAL SCIENTIST PROGRAM Overall Program Description There is a critical shortage of young scientists whose expertise in cell and molecular biology is matched by a sound understanding of the pathophysiology of human diseases. In order to address this need the Harvard Medical School, in 1991, undertook a new initiative, the Harvard-Markey Biomedical Scientist program, supported by a five-year grant from the Lucille P
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Emphasis is placed on intermediary metabolism and on biochemical pathways that are relevant to specific human diseases. Lectures are interspersed with group discussions and patient-based case-solving problems.
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The bulk of the human systems course is taught in small interactive classes and in tutorials, both of which are organized by the society. The Harvard-Markey students are distributed among the tutorials so that each of them is in daily, close contact with a group of six or seven medical students.
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Currently 38 graduate students are actively engaged in the program. Financial Data With the cessation of Markey support the overriding problem was the need to obtain continued funding.
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An advisory committee was named to evaluate the possible solutions and an application was submitted to the Lucille P Markey Charitable Trust for a graduate program in cellular and molecular medicine.
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. The hallmark of CMM students is their cellular and molecular approach to human disease, and all thesis projects are directly relevant to specific human diseases.
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Members of the core CMM faculty were nominated by their departmental chairmen and were reviewed by CMM directors and Organizational Committee members. Every effort is made to employ uniform criteria for membership in CMM.
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The clinical significance of the faculty member's laboratory is considered especially important, with some laboratories studying fundamental problems relevant to many clinical problems and other laboratories focused on a very specific clinical problem. It is expected that all core CMM faculty members will serve on CMM committees (oral examination committees, admissions committee, or other committees)
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Once each week after the morning lectures, first-year students participate in a discussion group organized by a CMM faculty with expertise pertinent to the lectures. The faculty member will select a short review and research paper.
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An in-depth review of fundamental pathobiologic mechanisms and specific human diseases is team taught to our students by two faculty members. Each week one clinician and one basic researcher will provide a series of papers to the students and lead a discussion pertinent to a fundamental process and the associated diseases.
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During September of the first year all CMM students are given a list of five CMM faculty with whom to meet to discuss potential laboratory rotations In that faculty member's laboratory. The rotation coordinator compiles this list after consulting with the director and other CMM faculty.
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By the end of Me second academic year the students, after consulting with their thesis advisor, should have undertaken sufficient experimentation to have an idea of potential thesis projects. After consulting with the thesis advisor the student will then draft a short thesis proposal (generally up to five pages)
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First- and second-year CMM students will receive additional instruction in responsible conduct of research as part of two presentations in He topics in cellular and molecular medicine. Attendance is required and will be monitored by the CMM educational coordinator.
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We have also mailed our CMM poster to multiple undergraduate institutions. Importantly, CMM faculty lecture extensively at universities throughout the United States to provide visible evidence of the program to highly motivated undergraduate students, who are often in attendance.
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Nevertheless, the John Hopkins University School of Medicine is seeking funding to continue He Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine win new funding.
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These activities were added systematically to the requirements of the different graduate programs in which the students were enrolled. The program also included symposia dealing with major health problems still in need of effective solutions.
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The core of the Markey Fellowship System was its faculty, and over 150 different faculty participated (see Table E.4~. These faculty were located in UCSD graduate programs, School of Medicine graduate programs and at the Salk Institute, Scripps Research Institute, and La Jolla Cancer Research Foundation.
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The most popular programs of the Markey Fellowship System were biology and biomedical sciences; pathology had the fewest fellows. In the Biomedical Sciences program one or two fellows come from the Medical School's Medical Scientist Training program.
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MARKEY MOLECULAR MEDICINE GRADUATE PROGRAM UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA Overall Program Description The Molecular Medicine Graduate Program at the University of Virginia School of Medicine is designed to provide rigorous disciplinary training in basic sciences as well as exposure to the problems and opportunities of research on human disease. The central mechanism for achieving these goals is dual mentorship: Each student has a research mentor in a basic science department and a clinical mentor in a clinical department.
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Topics for the molecular disease rounds include · Molecular Pathology: New Approaches To Understanding Human Pathogenesis; · How Mitochondrial DNA Defects Cause Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease; · Influenza Surface Proteins: Crystal Structures and Targeted Drug Design; · The Human Immune Response to Melanoma; · The Molecular Dissection of Pancreatic Carcinoma; · Light Input to the Vertebrate Circadian System; · The Reproductive System: A Question of Timing; and · The Science and Clinical Uses of Sperm Check, An Immunodiagnostic for Detecting and Measuring Sperm. We also have started a new course titled "Topics in Molecular Basis of Human Disease." This course is required for our molecular medicine students, but is also open to other graduate students as well as MSTP and research-track M.D.
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The only difficulty we have had is integrating the course into the medical school schedule. The most recent offerings in "Topics of the Molecular Basis of Human Disease" were · Diabetes; · Growth Hormone Action in the Cell and in the Organism; · Retinal Degenerations; · Molecular Genetics of Colorectal Neoplasia; · Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Neurodegenerative Diseases and Therapeutic Strategies; and · Pathobiology and Therapeutic Approaches to Melanomas.
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LUCILLE P MARKEY SPECIAL EMPHASIS PATHWAY IN HUMAN PATHOBIOLOGY WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY Overall Program Description The Lucille P
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program, the Young Scientist program, as well as the Markey Special Emphasis Pathway in Human Pathobiology. The Markey pathway emphasizes training a subset of graduate students and postdoctoral fellows to provide them with a basic understanding of human disease without distracting them unduly from the main objective of becoming first-rate basic scientists.
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Until the development of the Markey Special Emphasis Pathway in Human Pathobiology there had not been a training model at Washington University designed to engage Ph.D.-level scientific trainees in the clinical realm. The three principal components of the Markey pathway through which Washington University bridges He bed-bench gap are a course in human pathobiology; a clinical mentorship program; and enrichment activities, including an annual retreat and guest lecturers.
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Enrollment in the course is limited to Markey pathway trainees to maintain a forum for active interchange between the teaching faculty and students and to encourage student participation in the course. The Markey pathway students evaluate every section presented and comments are relayed to the coursemasters, the faculty section leader, and the program director.
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For example, in the case of cystic fibrosis, Michael Welch, M.D., Ph.D., professor of medicine and cell physiology, investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Iowa, presented a lecture titled "The Pathway of Discovery in Cystic Fibrosis." The Markey Pathway Clinical Mentor Program Another central element of this approach to bridging the bed-bench gap and developing basic scientists who aspire to focus on investigative aspects of human disease is the Clinical Mentor program. The overall goal of this pathway component is to enhance awareness of the underlying
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Ibe principal goal here is to provide a forum for and continuity with the exciting issues in clinical medicine. In practice this is accomplished by having the student join the clinical mentor for about two hours per month to participate in any of the various clinical activities of the mentor.
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The Markey Pathway Human Pathobiology Annual Retreat One of the important components of the pathway in human disease is providing the students with a sense of identity and of being part of a group accomplishing something meaningful. For this reason several special activities have been organized, including an annual two-day retreat to provide students with an opportunity to present their own research and exchange ideas.
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Long-term success of Markey trainees will ultimately be judged on the basis of successful application of sophisticated tools of biological inquiry to studies of human disease. Recruiting and Admissions Process Recruiting for Markey pathway students has employed the usual brochures and listings in Peterson's Guide.
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Over the past eight years the Markey pathway in human pathobiology has provided a powerful recruiting incentive that has enhanced the quality of the overall pool of applicants to the Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences. Another advantage of the pathway has been the potential to attract undergraduate students who have leanings toward both human disease and basic science.
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108 APPENDIX E mination of the Markey support it has been necessary to shift some of the costs for tuition and stipends to the trainee's laboratory, thus allowing the pathway to continue with total costs per annum of approximately $173,000. This cost shifting consisted primarily of eliminating tuition reimbursement for graduate students and stipends for postdoctoral students.
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