New Medical Devices Invention, Development, and Use (1988) / Chapter Skim
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Federal Support of Medical Device Innovation
Federal Support of Medical Device Innovation
Pages 51-61
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From page 51... ...
Development of new medical devices also offers hope to individuals suffering from arthritis, emphysema, heart disease, cancer, blindness, deafness, kidney malfunction, back pain, sleeping disorders, and a host of other health-related conditions. Support for such innovation is in part a function of the partnership between private enterprise and the federal government, where each funds areas of research it is best qualified to support.
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From page 52... ...
Mann published the results of in viva pressure measurements in the human hip joint (Hodge et al., 1986~. A pressureinstrumented hip prosthesis monitored the pressure at 10 locations within the joint socket 253 times a second as the patient walked Results of such research help us understand initiation and progression of degenerative joint disease.
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From page 53... ...
More than 12 percent of Americans have some degree of physical disability, and each year more than 80,000 Americans sustain permanently disabling but nonfatal injuries to the brain or spinal column. A new class of neural prostheses using integrated circuits is now in the early stages of development.
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From page 54... ...
Research on the biomechanics of the spinal column may help prevent certain types of back pain, studies of stresses in the lung can be used to treat emphysema victims, and biomechanics research on joints may help reduce arthritis joint degradation or assist in the development of permanent joint replacements. BIOMATERIALS Another priority for biomedical research is in the area of biomaterials.
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From page 55... ...
This field is highly dependent upon basic research on the physical and biochemical properties of body tissues and on integrative systems analysis. MRI offers a good example of how federal funding for medical device innovation has affected the evolution of a technology and influenced the development of a medical device industry.
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From page 56... ...
. Angioplasty costs about half that amount, and other minimally invasive procedures carry similar savings.
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From page 57... ...
As these new technologies develop, careful attention needs to be paid to the costs and benefits associated with introduction of new technologies and new medical devices. Such attention will encourage the effective and efficient use of new medical technologies and discourage costly and wasteful practices.
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From page 58... ...
These funds contributed significantly to the development of hollow-fiber dialyzers, the efficient enhancement of flat-plate dialyzers, the introduction of "single-needle" dialyzers, the determination of dietary protein levels for dialysis patients, the establishment of a national registry of patients on dialysis, the development of absorbents for uremic wastes, the development of a portable artificial kidney, the prevention and treatment of chronic bone pain and bone fractures in patients, the treatment of chronic anemia in patients, and the development of the concept of hemofiltration. Other federal policies were also crucial to the development of dialysis technology.
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From page 59... ...
This research investment provides a rich source of new scientific knowledge that creates opportunities for the development of new medical devices. However, investment in the fundamental areas of biomedical engineering constitutes only about 1 percent of the NIH budget.
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From page 60... ...
The Bioengineering Research Panel also recommended that individuals who rank grant proposals and award research funds in NIH and NSF consider funding projects that, although they have great potential for significant results, might also have a high risk of failure. Finally, the Bioengineering Research Panel suggested that there be a permanent advisory body to assess biomedical engineering research
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From page 61... ...
New opportunities in the eight areas of biomedical engineering could add considerably to that market. For the sake of basic research that could alleviate human suffering and reduce the costs of medical care, and for the potentially large commercial markets for products resulting from such research, I hope to see increased cooperation among federal agencies funding basic bioengineer~ng research and between those agencies and the medical devices industry.
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