Army Science and Technology for Homeland Security Report 2: C4ISR (2004) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
1 Introduction
1 Introduction
Pages 14-32
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From page 14... ...
The following definitions were provided by Gregory J Bozek, Army War Plans Division, Army Deputy Chief of Staff, G3, in a briefing to the Committee on Army Science and Technology for Homeland Defense, Warrenton, Va., May 15, 2002: · Homeland security: The preparation for, prevention of, deterrence of, preemption of, defense against, and response to threats and aggressions directed towards U.S.
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From page 15... ...
A short section compares the ways in which the DOD and local emergency responders acquire their equipment. The chapter closes with a description of a series of potential scenarios illustrating how complexities will mount as additional events requiring emergency response take place.
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From page 16... ...
While much has been done in homeland security, there is still more to accomplish. The foundation of a national operational framework for emergency response involves partnership -- among federal, state, and local levels of government; between the private and public sectors and between civilian emergency responders and the military.
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From page 17... ...
101) The DHS performs this mission by, among other things, · Securing our borders, transportation sector, ports, and critical infrastructure; · Synthesizing and analyzing homeland security intelligence from multiple sources; · Coordinating communications with state and local governments, private industry, and the American people about threats and preparedness; · Coordinating government efforts to protect the American people against bioterrorism and other attacks with weapons of mass destruction; · Helping to train and equip emergency responders; and
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From page 18... ...
The newly organized EPR incorporates significant federal emergency responder elements, such as the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and response teams from the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS)
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From page 19... ...
) established the position of Assistant Secretary of Defense for Homeland Defense with the following mission: "Overall supervision of the homeland security activities of the Department of Defense." This mission includes the following tasks: 5Memorandum from Tom Ridge, Secretary of Homeland Security, to Cabinet Secretaries; Agency Directors; Members of Congress; Governors; Mayors; County, Township and Parish Officials; State Homeland Security Advisors; Homeland Security Advisory Council; and State, Territorial, Local and Tribal First Responders; Subject: Initial Response Plan, September 20, 2003.
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From page 20... ...
PDASD (HD) Interagency DASD Civil DASD Force DASD Strategy, Coordination Support Planning & Plans, & Employment Resources Military Assistance Intergovernmental & to NORTHCOM Policy Private Sector Civil Authorities Development & Coordination PACOM/ Integration Reserve SOUTHCOM / Readiness, Component STRATCOM Hemispheric Training, & Issues Affairs Exercises Critical Civil/Military Infrastructure Programs & Preparedness Protection Resources Domestic Incident Technology Management Transfer FIGURE 1-2 Organizational chart for the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Homeland Defense (ASD [HD]
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From page 21... ...
NORTHCOM's mission is homeland security and civil support, specifically: · Conduct operations to deter, prevent, and defeat threats and aggression aimed at the United States, its territories, and interests within the assigned area of responsibility; and · As directed by the President or Secretary of Defense, provide military assis tance to civil authorities including consequence management operations.
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From page 22... ...
It can be quickly activated by the state governors and can help local police and other emergency responders as required. One would expect that in the aftermath of a large terrorist attack the National Guard would be functioning alongside the local fire, police, and medical personnel.
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From page 23... ...
. A corollary of the first report's Finding 1-3 concerning the many similarities between military operations involving allied or coalition forces and operations involving civilian emergency responders would indicate that these similarities make it advantageous to consider technologies appropriate to both groups.
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From page 24... ...
. These responders include hazardous materials response teams, urban search and rescue assets, community emergency response teams, antiterrorism units, special weapons and tactics teams, bomb squads, emergency management officials, and municipal agencies and private organizations responsible for transportation, communications, medical services, public health, disaster assistance, public works, and construction.
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From page 25... ...
Although a number of informal mechanisms exist, no coherent planning paradigm for the interface between the military and the emergency responders currently exists, and although a national operational concept for emergency response is being developed, it is not yet a comprehensive frame work that pulls together the efforts of federal, state, and local responders. Indeed, the committee conducting the first study in this series reached the conclusion shown in Box 1-3.
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From page 26... ...
If it is interested in this process, the DHS might consider spiral development as part of a menu from which to choose options that would work for emergency responders. The Army acquisition process (see Appendix D for details)
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From page 27... ...
Testing occurs during the development phase and operational testing is done in the early fielding stages, the latter with troops using the technology in simulated missions. The spiral development process greatly reduces the time associated with technology insertion and has great promise for resolving the challenges faced by emergency responders, particularly in the area of C4ISR.
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From page 28... ...
Langley and NASA Glenn using NASA's investment in wind tunnels and other airframe and propulsion testing facilities. If procedures for sharing these facilities with the DHS were put in place, it would greatly assist emergency responders and as a secondary benefit would allow the Army to preserve some underutilized facilities.
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From page 29... ...
It could also be an initial terrorist attack followed by some other disaster -- for example, the 2001 terrorist attack on the World Trade Center followed by the collapse of the Twin Towers. An example of a natural disaster in this scenario would be the San Francisco earthquake of 1906 that first devastated much of the city with seismic shocks, and then triggered fires that could not be controlled because of building rubble blocking the streets and broken water mains.
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From page 30... ...
Once the event scene has been established, the incident commander will need as complete a picture of the event as possible. As the crisis management progresses, knowledge of the position, physical condition, and actions of individual emergency responders will be necessary in order to aid in the command-and-control process and to keep the emergency responders away from particularly hazardous locations.
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From page 31... ...
Finding 1-2. The Army has developed a number of capabilities that could be used by emergency responders: · Relevant technologies from the Army science and technology base; · C4ISR systems that have been developed and deployed by the Army; · An acquisition system, similar to the Army's spiral development process, that encompasses identifying needs, funding the required technology, and developing fieldable products; · A testing and certification process for new equipment; · Training programs; · A network-centric operations approach; · Exercises (and supporting facilities)
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From page 32... ...
2003. Science and Technology for Army Homeland Security: Report 1.
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Key Terms
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