Army Science and Technology for Homeland Security Report 2: C4ISR (2004) / Chapter Skim
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4 Defense Technologies for Homeland Security
4 Defense Technologies for Homeland Security
Pages 65-92
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From page 65... ...
No attempt is made to offer a comprehensive presentation with respect to these technologies, because of both space and study schedule limitations. Rather, it is the committee's intent to present to the Army and the homeland security community those technologies that the committee believes may have relevance for emergency responders and which could prompt further interaction between the Army and the emergency responder community.
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From page 66... ...
The U.S. Army has developed a significant number of C4ISR technologies for the Future Force that appear to have direct applica bility to the emergency responder community.
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From page 67... ...
Of importance are the power and bandwidth issues, particularly those involving highbandwidth video imagery, associated with the sensors and the movement of raw or processed data. A key parameter is information latency, tied closely to computer processing time and communication bandwidth.
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From page 68... ...
In some cases, particularly if an emergency responder's life may be at risk, late information or direction may be useless or even detrimental if the responder was relying on it. Latency is associated with processing power (how fast sensor data can be converted to information)
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From page 69... ...
, and the other two, Land Warrior and Future Force Warrior, focusing more at the lower-echelon, infantry-level platform, the soldier. The committee believes that these programs are of particular importance for their applicability to emergency responders.
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From page 70... ...
Future Force Effort to allow the individual to interface with external F Warrior (FFW) platforms and sources of information, including unmanned Advanced aerial vehicles, unmanned ground vehicles, and the Future Technology Force C4ISR network.
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From page 71... ...
cLarry Fillian, Director, Command and Control Directorate, Communications-Electronics Research, Development and Engineering Center, "C4ISR Enabling Technologies," briefing to the committee, Washington, D.C., July 22, 2003. TABLE 4-2 Summary of Programs Relevant to Emergency Responders: Command, Control, and Computer (C3)
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From page 72... ...
Work will be done to fuse Generation the data from synthetic aperture radar, inverse synthetic Tools aperture radar, infrared, and other sender data into digital (Army S&T) terrain maps.
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From page 73... ...
Ontology agents identify classes of information and organize them hierarchically according to user-established rules.c The integration of similar intelligent agents in responder decision-making tools will reduce the detrimental effects of information overload. Joint Blue Software interfaces and connectivity enabling the N Force integration of existing blue force tracking systems to create Situational a blue force situational awareness picture within the global Awareness command-and-control system family of systems common (JBFSA)
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From page 74... ...
multimodal workstations for decision-support systems.d The integration of similar models and multimodal workstations into responder command-and-control systems will greatly enhance the capability of responder leaders to manage a situation.
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From page 75... ...
. bGlenn Cooper, Assistant Technical Manager, Defense Information Systems Agency, "Homeland Security/Homeland Security Command and Control ACTD," briefing to the committee, Washington, D.C., August 25, 2003.
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From page 76... ...
The goals and constraints of communications systems intended for homeland security and emergency workers lie somewhere between those of commercial systems and traditional military applications. Mobility is of course essential.
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From page 77... ...
It will also support the interface of civilian responders with military organizations. JTRS Effort focusing on the individual soldier and associated F Squad-Level programs such as the Land Warrior Program and its Communications follow-on program, the Future Force Warrior.
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From page 78... ...
This communications infrastructure will greatly enhance the mobile C4ISR capabilities of responders. This will be of great importance in situations in which local communications and power have been destroyed or shut down.
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From page 79... ...
Tactical Networks Tactical networks of man-pack radios are needed to provide communications among incident commanders and individual emergency responders and among responders within a group. This network will be similar in use to that envisioned for JTRS Cluster 2, Squad-Level Communications, which at this time is in the research stage.
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From page 80... ...
Additionally, while this type of radio would seemingly be very useful for the emergency responders in a local jurisdiction, such as the police force, firefighters, and National Guard and FBI personnel, the DOD requirements are well beyond what the local emergency responder needs and can afford. The committee believes that the fundamental objective of future radio programs should be to implement the radio component of the network-centric warfare envisioned in the current DOD doctrine.
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From page 81... ...
Addressing these problems will require taking advantage of the significant technology advances made by the cellular industry -- which would best be done through the substantial involvement of that industry. This approach will also be necessary to enhance the radio in a straightforward manner and to produce it at a cost that would make it accessible to the civilian emergency responder community.
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From page 82... ...
Table 4-4 presents information on the relevant ISR technologies, including a brief description or statement of purpose and an availability assessment. TABLE 4-4 Summary of Programs Relevant to Emergency Responders: Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR)
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From page 83... ...
. This goggle will greatly enhance the vision of individual emergency responders in adverse visual conditions, especially vision restricted by lack of light or by smoke.
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From page 84... ...
. This capability will allow emergency responders to detect the outbreak of a biological attack before it reaches epidemic proportions.
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From page 85... ...
emergency responders who are called to assist in a chemical or biological attack crisis situation. Joint Service Develop a system that consists of a base vehicle equipped N Lightweight with handheld, portable, and mounted, current and Nuclear advanced nuclear, biological, and chemical identification Biological equipment.
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From page 86... ...
. While emergency responders do not generally need the stringent capabilities of Army technology in this area, IR and thermal capability is of importance for firefighters as well as for perimeter defense and networked sensors.
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From page 87... ...
technologies. The Army in particular has programs in smallscale, unmanned aerial vehicle-based systems for use at the tactical level that are also appropriate for homeland security purposes.
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From page 88... ...
TABLE 4-5 Summary of Programs Relevant to Emergency Responders: Other Assets for Consideration Program Description Availabilitya Joint Virtual Integrate common simulation environment and Army/joint N Battlespace simulations of varying fidelity with dynamic command(Army S&T) and-control and data flows that span the full battlefield spectrum from joint task force to entity level.
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From page 89... ...
Common C4ISR training and mission rehearsal architectures will also be (Army and developed for distributed training, team training, and Air Force S&T) distributed team training including brief/debrief capabilities for pre-mission planning and post-mission assessment.b Chemical and Develop an improved capability to predict the behavior of N Biological chemical and biological agents in the environment.
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From page 90... ...
The inability of most emergency responders to attend training off-site will place even greater emphasis on M&S that can be used at responders' places of duty. Most importantly, and of increasing note, many ongoing security and operational missions are drastically reducing the time available for personnel to train.
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From page 91... ...
Power Generation Today's Army is making a significant effort to develop lighter, higherenergy-density hybrid power sources, chargers, and power management technologies for soldier systems; reformed logistic fuel components for fuel cells for vehicle-silent watch power; and fuel-efficient power generation and electronic control component technologies to provide for smaller, lighter, more-fuel-efficient mobile electric power generators. These new power systems would be of significant value to emergency responders.
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From page 92... ...
2003. Joint Blue Force Situational Awareness.
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