Meeting the Energy Needs of Future Warriors (2004) / Chapter Skim
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2 Technology Alternatives
2 Technology Alternatives
Pages 14-26
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From page 14... ...
which demand an average 100 W (peak power up to The statement of task specifies average power require- 180 W) -- and microclimate cooling to be in this regime.
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From page 15... ...
Fuel cell Exploratory development. Beta prototypes with various Fuel reformers.
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From page 16... ...
aNRC, 1997. FIGURES OF MERIT made to conserve and manage energy and it is found that batteries cannot meet requirements should air-breathing The governing figure of merit used to discriminate systems, such as fuel cells or small engines, be considered.
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From page 17... ...
Reasonable comparisons can energy of the technology may be underestimated. To make be made if, and only if, the total energy content, including meaningful comparisons among alternatives, energy converconverter, fuel, and fuel tank, of the energy conversion sion system dry weights were estimated based on assumpdevice is compared with an energy storage device, such as a tions that are explained in Appendix D with references.
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From page 18... ...
For example, a lithium ion that of promising energy conversion technologies. The interlaptop computer battery may be in a square configuration pretation of data for new technologies was intentionally con2.5-cm thick, but in reality there are eight cylindrical 18650 servative, with every effort made to use performance data Li ion cells inside this package.
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From page 19... ...
TRL, technology readiness level; JP-8, jet propellant 8; IC, internal combustion; SOFC, solid oxide fuel cell; PEM, proton exchange membrane; SOA, state of the art; DMFC, direct methanol fuel cell; LW, Land Warrior.
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From page 20... ...
2 SOFC x 2 PEM/H (LW, (SOA, Li(CF) Li/MnO Li/MnO ion ion Li Li FIGURE 2-2 24-hr mission at 20-W average power.
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Li/MnO Li/MnO FIGURE 2-4 24-hr mission at 100-W average power.
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From page 22... ...
While the Stirling engine appears to be the lightest option, further development is necessary to validate this point due to the relatively low TRL level for this system technology. The 20-W Average Power most attractive candidates that have been demonstrated at Current power source development goals are listed in relatively high TRL levels are PEM/H2 systems.
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From page 23... ...
reformers (Altex) shows promise for integration with small · Energy conversion systems are currently one fourth as fuel cells.
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From page 24... ...
x; custom electrode formulation and evaluate impact of incorporating MEMS in power sys materials optimization to support higher rates with tems; establish performance metrics and cost analysis minimum impact on specific energy; lithium sulfur for MEMS-based components; integrate MEMS com (Li/S) rechargeable battery (see Appendix D)
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From page 25... ...
· Energy conversion technologies can reduce signifi 1- to 5-kW Average Power cantly the mass of 100-W systems that operate for 24 hours or longer. System mass versus total energy is plotted in Figure 2-6 · JP-8-fueled systems appear to weigh the least; how- for three power source systems of TRL 9: 0.9 kW, 1.2 kW, ever, these systems are not yet at high TRLs, and they and 2 kW.
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From page 26... ...
Integrate logistics fuel reformers efficient) in current use by the Army operates on diesel fuel with lightweight PEM fuel cells.
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