Exploration of the Outer Heliosphere and the Local Interstellar Medium A Workshop Report (2004) / Chapter Skim
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With the later discovery of the hydrogen wall, and then, the discovery of hydrogen walls about other stars in our galactic neighborhood and the associated discovery of stellar winds from solar-like stars, the field of solar and space physics underwent dramatic change. Coupled to the theoretical advances were the increasingly exciting observations being returned by the Voyager Interstellar Mission, Ulysses, ACE (Advanced Composition Explorer)
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Optimal planning for a mission of the magnitude of Interstellar Probe requires a sufficient understanding of the physics of the remote outer heliosphere and local interstellar medium, which in turn requires far more elaborate modeling of the outer heliosphere, and incorporation of current and future in situ and remote sensing results. In particular, remote sensing techniques, because they are by nature integrated line-of-sight observations, produce results whose interpretation depends on theoretical models of the global heliosphere.
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A crucial role will be played by Pathfinder missions, which may explore interstellar material such as pickup ions, neutral atoms, or anomalous cosmic rays directly, or explore the boundary regions using remote measuring techniques such as Lyman-alpha or energetic neutral atoms, or explore physical processes induced by the complex partially ionized plasma populations that make up the outer heliosphere beyond some 10 AU. Sending a well-equipped spacecraft to the boundaries of the heliosphere to begin the exploration of our galactic neighborhood will be one of the great scientific enterprises of the new century -- one that will capture the imagination of people everywhere.
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