Cooperative Research for Hazardous Materials Transportation Defining the Need, Converging on Solutions -- Special Report 283 (2005) / Chapter Skim
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5 Insights from Other Cooperative Research Programs
5 Insights from Other Cooperative Research Programs
Pages 96-118
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From page 96... ...
, the Health Effects Institute (HEI) , and the Railroad Tank Car Safety Research and Test Project of the Association of American Rail roads (AAR)
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From page 97... ...
in setting uniform guidelines for many aspects of highway design, construction, and operations. AASHTO's responsibilities for setting highway standards grew more varied and complex as the Interstate highway system took shape during the 1950s and early 1960s.
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From page 98... ...
TRB was charged with administering the program by convening expert panels for each project. The panels drew from specialists in uni versities, industry, and predominantly the state highway agencies them selves.
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From page 99... ...
The contribution is now 5.5 percent of the 2 percent share of total federal aid that must be devoted to research or planning activity. Since 1962, only a handful of states have elected to withhold contributions to NCHRP in any given year, and all have rejoined the program within 1 to
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From page 100... ...
; results Reinforcement Contracting; of Highway Nearby Budgeting Large-Span Traffic on Areas; Response Reducing Frost Source (Web for available Applications; Control Plans Stability Quick Longitudinal for and Conditions (research (also Long-Term Moisture; Ice Safety; Mobile for for Evaluating of Stream of Access Maintenance Determination on for Methods Development Condemnation; digest) for Replacement Pavements Tests Testing for for Specifications Concrete; Geotechnical of Effects Congested Data Transportation in Load Guidelines Marginal of Inverse results Procedures Standards System Foundations the Strategies; Networks; Methods and in Wetlands Sensitivity Products Measurement of Landscape of Distance Highway Systems Street Zones; Alternative Mixtures; in for Expert Development Medial Highway Final (research Estimation Specifications Water Structure of Practice Recommended Sight Transportation of and of Highway Predictability Evaluation for Work Nondestructive Maintenance 19622001 of and Paving Guidelines Existing and Travel Polymers Decks Tensioned Development Evaluating of on Effects Highway Examples Effect Time Theory Departments Improving the Data; for Smoothness Pavements; Through Intersection Evaluation Asphalt Use Bridge Instrumentation Embankments; Metal for Evaluation Economic Deferred Service Guidelines Flow Fog; Restricted NCHRP, of of a 35 74 136 134 31 31 115 Number Projects Products and ways systems of traffic 2001.
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From page 101... ...
Although it does not have a vote in the programming of funds, it appoints liaison represen tatives to SCOR and other AASHTO committees, and FHWA experts serve on all NCHRP project panels and can submit problems for consideration. NCHRP's annual budget, as described earlier, has grown with the increase in federal aid over time.
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From page 102... ...
The committee proposed the creation of a cooperative research program that would be financed from a mandatory /12 percent set-aside of federal transit funding; would emphasize applied, problem solving research; and would fill the gaps in FTA's technology-oriented R&D program. With the collective support of the transit industry reached through the American Public Transportation Association (APTA)
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From page 103... ...
TOPS allowed submissions of problem statements from all interested parties, including FTA, universities, and transit suppliers and consul tants. This was a departure from the practice of NCHRP, which solicits problem statements only from state highway agencies, AASHTO com mittees, and FHWA.
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From page 104... ...
In the case of NCHRP, state highway agencies cooperate in identifying their common research needs and then voluntarily pool some of their federal aid funds to address them. In the case of TCRP, the federal government provides direct funding for the program, but transit agencies are largely responsible for programming the research.
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From page 105... ...
; Wheel Transit; Rail Diagnostics Demand of Transit to Strategies Rail Advanced Buses; Eligibility Transportation Guidelines Railcar Preparedness Sources Advanced and Benefits; Light Fuel Public Electric Maintenance Estimating (synthesis and for Design Marketing for Intelligence Transit for Paratransit for Applying Transit Emergency Buses Alternative Proven ADA Improving Issues, and for practice) Systems Structure Artificial for of Handbook Revenues -- New Demonstration of Gap Products of Streets; Workbook Transit Scheduling -- Basic and Track Intelligence practice)
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From page 106... ...
; Urban Transportation TCRP, of Published Products a of Reports, and 20 16 39 and Number Project Digests, Syntheses Areas Research risk of management Covered planning, training, law, environmental Areas procurement, Summary) administration, relations analysis, classification, Problem Recruitment, job salary labor Finances, management, information Policy economics, analysis continued( Field planning 2001.
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From page 107... ...
While relying on Congress to set aside federal-aid funds each year may have hindered the program in growing to a level desired by transit agencies, the option of voluntary contributions from hundreds or even thousands of transit operators may be unrealistic. 3Of course, FHWA has a stewardship role in ensuring that the federal funds are used for legitimate research purposes.
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From page 108... ...
Members join for 3-year subscrip tions, which give them access to all PRCI research products. Revenue generated from the subscriptions provides PRCI with about $12 million in core research funds.
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From page 109... ...
Research Products Before the results of research are disseminated, they must be reviewed by the appropriate technical committee and approved by the board of direc tors. The emphasis is on ensuring that the research products are credible and can be applied immediately in the field by subscribing organizations.
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From page 110... ...
Electric Power Research Institute EPRI was founded in 1973 as a nonprofit energy research consortium by electric utilities and their suppliers. The intent was to create a research program that would further understanding of issues perti nent to many entities in the electric power industry and to develop technologies, marketing methods, and training tools that could be shared widely.
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From page 111... ...
The staff is also responsible for overseeing projects cofunded by EPRI in collaboration with other research organizations. Research Products EPRI research projects cover a wide spectrum of needs, from the devel opment of specific products to scientific research on the health and envi ronmental effects of electricity production.
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From page 112... ...
Examples of research products include reports on innovative crew-scheduling techniques, contractor compensation strategies, processes for environ mental remediation management, tools for materials management, and design for maintainability. The products are often titled as guidebooks, workbooks, tool kits, and best practices.
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From page 113... ...
It was chartered in 1980 to conduct impartial scientific research on the health effects of motor vehicle emis sions. The joint participation of industry and government in the pro gram and the processes described below to ensure research objectivity and credibility were viewed as essential in providing the information needed to support regulatory decisions and their acceptance.
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From page 114... ...
Individual research projects are rarely designed to address pending regulatory matters. RSI-AAR Railroad Tank Car Safety Research and Test Project Since 1970, two major railroad trade associations, RSI and AAR, have cosponsored the Railroad Tank Car Safety Research and Test Project.
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From page 115... ...
Its focus from the start was on developing an extensive accident database for use in identifying the causes of releases from tank cars and on assessing protections such as head shields, shelf couplers, and thermal insulation. The database now contains information on more than 39,000 tank cars damaged in more than 25,000 incidents and continues to be important for informing decisions on tank car operating practices, designs, and safety regulations.
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From page 116... ...
In other cases (e.g., CII, PRCI, EPRI, and the RSI-AAR Railroad Tank Car Safety Research and Test Project) , most of the program funds are pooled by private entities.
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From page 117... ...
HEI is unique among the cooperative programs in that its governing board consists of individuals with no links to the industry or government spon sors of the program. The board acts in a stewardship role, which is deemed necessary for a research program focused primarily on advancing the science underpinning public policy.
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From page 118... ...
A management organization that is viewed as unbiased and focused on sound research has the advan tage of being perceived as neutral by the parties that are likely to use the research results. REFERENCES Abbreviations AASHO American Association of State Highway Officials HRB Highway Research Board TRB Transportation Research Board AASHO.
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