Improving the Characterization and Treatment of Radioactive Wastes for the Department of Energy's Accelerated Site Cleanup Program (2005) / Chapter Skim
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4 Manage-in-Place Technologies
4 Manage-in-Place Technologies
Pages 44-55
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From page 44... ...
COCOONING APPROACH TO MANAGING WASTE IN PLACE In its fact finding, the committee noted that reactor "cocooning" at Hanford is an instructive conceptual approach to managing waste in place. Reactor cocooning, also known as interim Safe Storage (ISS)
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From page 45... ...
The committee believes that the cocooning concept can be adapted and applied to other left-in-place wastes and facilities. Conceptualizing left-inplace wastes as cocooned can facilitate EM's accelerated cleanup in terms of both simplifying the technical work itself and gaining acceptance by stakeholders.
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From page 46... ...
In its site visits, the committee noted instances where the time and money that were being spent on engineered trench caps appeared unwarranted, cap design appeared inappropriate and/or the projected performance of caps, and also engineered liners, appeared overly optimistic. The trench cap at the SWSA-6 site at Oak Ridge is one case in point.' in 1989, a multi-million dollar high-density polyethylene (HDPE)
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From page 47... ...
· Reducing waste leachability Compaction and/or grouting increase density and decrease porosity of buned waste and its immediate surroundings, thus minimizing the amount of leachant that can contact the buried waste. Less established practices, like in situ vitnfication, are not likely to offer widespread advantages.
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From page 48... ...
For example, hydrogeologic characterization of the Oak Ridge site might justify more effort than is needed at the Savannah River site, because waste migration in the fractured bedrock underling Oak Ridge will be more complex than waste migration in the Coastal Plain sediments underlying the SRS. Hanford's Data Quality Objectives program provides advice on obtaining sufficient, but not unnecessary data, to define the risk at the site, demonstrate the need for remedial action, and support the rational for selecting a remedial action alternative.7 Similar advice is provided by the EPA Office of Federal Facilities Restoration and Reuse.8 6WAG4 (or SWSA 4)
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From page 49... ...
. Located on 102 acres in the notthcenual pothon of INEEL, TAN supported the Al craft Nocleat Ptopolsion frog am between 1954 and 1961 and teactot safety tests th ouch the 1980s.
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In situ grouting could reduce both COSt and risk. Less established practices for reducing waste leachability, such as in situ vitrification, are suitable only under select situations, and are not likely to offer widespread advantages for EM's accelerated cleanup.
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From page 51... ...
. The cocooning concept will enable an adaptive approach to using surface caps that confirms their service life through continued monitoring and/or extends it through repair or even rebuilding when necessary.
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. As a result, EPA's draft guidance document on landfill coversa presently considers a design life of hundreds of years feasible for cover systems, but only provided that performance monitoring and long-term maintenance of the systems are sustained.
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. Ihe committee recognizes that natural attenuation processes could contribute to remediation goals for some left-in-place wastes.
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Long-term monitoring programs that routinely involve the collection and laboratory analysis of a large number of samples should be avoided. However, reasonable triggers for this activity might be unexpected monitoring results from in situ sensors, changes in site information and conditions, or improvements in conceptual understanding.
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From page 55... ...
. Although the service life of cocooning will vary with the waste, its location, and the threat it poses, periodically reexamining its condition and newer stabilization and treatment options on the order of decades is appropriate.l2 This length of time is understandable to stakeholders and, through adaptive management, provides opportunity for using future technology advances to ultimately reduce the costs and risks to society.
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