Frontiers of Engineering Reports on Leading-Edge Engineering from the 2005 Symposium (2006) / Chapter Skim
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Science and Engineering Research That Values the Planet
Science and Engineering Research That Values the Planet
Pages 59-68
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From page 59... ...
Schumacher (1973) and the "appropriate technology" movement, a precursor of sustainability science that involved identifying important but neglected issues for scientific study.
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Comparatively simple materials and design modifications to household stoves are now known not only to improve energy efficiency, but also to reduce particulate and greenhouse gas emissions (Bailis et al., 2005)
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FIGURE 1 The exposure-response graph from a six-year, 500-person exposure and stove intervention study in Kenya. The vertical axis shows the percentage of time subjects participating in biweekly health examinations exhibited ARI or acute lower respiratory illness (ALRI)
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The average system size is less than 25 Wp, and current annual sales exceed 30,000 individual solar electric home systems. A substantial fraction of crystalline silicon (c-Si)
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From page 63... ...
These advances have been important for the PV industry as a whole, but have been especially significant for rural electrification with solar energy in developing countries. In contrast to laboratory and commercial rivalries over which company produces the most thermodynamically efficient solar cells, the firms that manufacture a-Si PV modules for markets in developing countries have focused on lower efficiency but significantly less expensive products (Green
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From page 64... ...
The combination of technical studies of solar equipment performance and analyses of Kenyan market development, socio-cultural dynamics, and regulatory policy has led to progress toward eliminating low-performing products from the market, as well as insights into institutional aspects of renewable energy market development (Acker and Kammen, 1996; Duke et al., 2002; Jacobson, 2004; Kammen, 1995)
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From page 65... ...
The 20042005 results involved 20 a-Si modules randomly selected from Kenyan retail shops. The presence of low-performing brands has led to consider able acrimony in the Kenyan solar industry, as indicated in the "Solar Scandal" advertisement from a local newspaper.
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From page 66... ...
Sustainability science could give science, mathematics, and engineering education renewed meaning and immediacy, with paradigm-changing possibilities in both developed and developing nations. Third, we could establish sustainability awards -- modeled after the Ashoka Innovators Awards (2005)
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From page 67... ...
2005. Engineering, institutions, and the public interest: evaluating product quality in the Kenyan solar photovoltaics industry.
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From page 68... ...
In ASES Annual and National Passive Solar Conference Proceedings Combined 2000. Madison, Wis.: American Solar Energy Soci ety.
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