State and Federal Standards for Mobile-Source Emissions (2006) / Chapter Skim
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Glossary
Glossary
Pages 301-316
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Glossary Acid Deposition A comprehensive term for the various ways acidic compounds precipitate from the atmosphere and deposit onto surfaces. It can include: (1)
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302 Glossary ment" is considered derogatory by some in the emission control industry, but there is no consensus on the use of such alternatives as "postcombustion treatment" or "exhaust emission control." Air-to-Fuel Ratio The ratio, by weight, of air to gasoline entering the intake in a gasoline engine. The ideal (stoichiometric)
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Glossary 303 Carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) A molecule formed when CO reacts with hemoglobin, the intracellular protein that transports oxygen in the blood.
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304 Glossary because the engine and catalytic converter must come to operating temperature before the emissions control system become effective. The time to catalyst "light off," when the catalyst is fully operational, is dependent on ambient temperature and vehicle technologies.
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Glossary 305 ganic fraction (often referred to as SOF or VOF)
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306 Glossary Emissions Factor For mobile sources, the emission factor is the relationship between the amount of pollution produced and the number of vehicle miles traveled. For stationary sources, the relationship between the amount of pollution produced and the amount of raw material processed or burned.
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Glossary 307 Exposure An event that occurs when there is contact at a boundary between a human and an environmental contaminant of a specific concentration for an interval of time; the units of exposure are concentration multiplied by time. Four-Stroke Engines A type of internal combustion piston engines where the engine cycle is completed after four strokes (up or down)
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308 Glossary vehicles that will be classified as medium-duty passenger vehicles for the purposes of the Tier 2 emissions standards. Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV)
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Glossary 309 Malfunction Indicator Light (MIL) The instrument panel light used by the onboard diagnostic (OBD)
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310 Glossary Nonattainment Area A geographic area designated by the EPA to have concentrations of a criteria pollutant in excess of a NAAQS at some recent time. A single geographic area may have acceptable levels of some criteria air pollutants but unacceptable levels of others; thus, an area can be both an attainment area for one pollutant and a nonattainment area for another.
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Glossary 311 sign and materials for its assembly and manufacture. OEMs are directly responsible for manufacturing and modifying the products, making them commercially available, and providing the warranty.
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312 Glossary Photochemical Reaction A term referring to a chemical reaction brought about by sunlight, such as the formation of ozone from the interaction of nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons in the presence of sunlight. Plug-In An electrical device used to heat the engine under extreme cold conditions in order to facilitate engine starting and reduce the time for emissions control devices to be fully operational.
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Glossary 313 Regional Haze The haze produced by a multitude of sources and activities which emit fine particles and their precursors across a broad geographic area. Federal regulations require states to develop plans to reduce the regional haze that impairs visibility in national parks and wilderness areas.
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314 Glossary NAAQS. The Clean Air Act requires that EPA approve each SIP after the public has had an opportunity to participate in its review and approval.
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Glossary 315 Tier 1 Vehicles Vehicles that meet federal Tier 1 tailpipe standards. For light-duty vehicles, these standards began with model-year 1994 vehicles.
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316 Glossary case as the piston moves up on its first stroke to compress the mixture above it. Then the compressed mixture is ignited, and hot gases are produced, which drive the piston down on its second stroke.
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