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From page 33... ... 33 3 The Status of Women and Underrepresented Minorities and Programs of Support A clinical research career may pose special challenges for women and minorities. This chapter focuses on the status of women and minorities in academic research careers, from students to faculty. Read the entire page →
From page 34... ... 34 CLINICAL RESEARCH WORKFORCE DIVERSITY NEEDS FOR 2010 that the varying career paths, debt burdens, and need to balance family and career had differentially acute impacts on women (NRC, 2004) Read the entire page →
From page 35... ... WOMEN AND UNDERREPRESENTED MINORITIES 35 despite having less research space and less influence in their departments. Although the women aspired to leadership positions and felt they had leadership skills, few had been asked to lead. Read the entire page →
From page 36... ... 36 CLINICAL RESEARCH WORKFORCE DIVERSITY NEEDS FOR 2010 ing coincide with the childbearing years. Several studies have noted the difficulties that women face in academic settings, including the challenge of combining family responsibilities with academic success (NIH, 1998; Bickel, 2001; NRC, 2001; Yedidia and Bickel, 2001; Bickel et al., 2002; Guelich et al., 2002; Pendharkar, 2003; Wright et al., 2003) Read the entire page →
From page 37... ... WOMEN AND UNDERREPRESENTED MINORITIES 37 WOMEN MEDICAL SCHOOL STUDENTS The number of women enrolling in and matriculating from U.S. medical schools continues to grow. Read the entire page →
From page 38... ... 38 CLINICAL RESEARCH WORKFORCE DIVERSITY NEEDS FOR 2010 FIGURE 3-1 Black, American Indian, and Hispanic U.S. medical school faculty, 19802000. Read the entire page →
From page 39... ... WOMEN AND UNDERREPRESENTED MINORITIES 39 Special Challenges for Minority Faculty Underrepresented clinical research scientists face many of the same challenges confronting well-represented ones, including dealing with a lack of support from their institutions or departments, finding mentors who can alleviate the difficulties of entry into the established research infrastructure, and balancing professional interests with the realities of having to repay educational loans (Lee et al., 2001; NIH, 2002a ) Read the entire page →
From page 40... ... 40 CLINICAL RESEARCH WORKFORCE DIVERSITY NEEDS FOR 2010 TABLE 3-2 Hispanic Ethnicity and Non-Hispanic Race Medical School Applicants by Acceptance Status, 2002 and 2003 2002 First-Time Applicants Applicants Applicants Acceptees Hispanic Mexican American 738 539 379 Puerto Rican 634 505 329 Cuban 142 106 70 Other Hispanic 804 551 351 Multiple Hispanic 123 87 64 Subtotal 2,441 1,788 1,193 Non-Hispanic Black 2,611 1,790 1,178 Asian 5,949 4,341 3,219 American Indian (including 112 80 56 Alaskan Natives) Native Hawaiian, 36 26 12 Other Pacific Islanders White 19,454 14,553 10,649 Other 526 367 225 Unknown 282 261 190 Multiple race 1,235 916 596 Subtotal 30,205 22,334 16,125 Non-U.S. Read the entire page →
From page 41... ... WOMEN AND UNDERREPRESENTED MINORITIES 41 2003 First-Time Matriculants Applicants Applicants Acceptees Matriculants 355 773 576 361 336 312 522 403 291 280 64 154 112 78 70 336 878 607 353 345 63 156 115 61 58 1,130 2,483 1,813 1,144 1,089 1,125 2,740 1,905 1,123 1,060 3,030 6,152 4,566 3,196 3,065 49 85 61 38 35 12 23 15 6 5 9,972 20,231 15,466 10,749 10,122 214 599 450 223 206 184 188 170 132 121 562 1,328 961 667 626 15,148 31,346 23,594 16,134 15,240 209 957 753 261 209 1 0 0 0 0 210 957 753 261 209 16,488 34,786 26,160 17,539 16,538 have a higher level of education debt than do Asians and Puerto Ricans (AAMC, 2004a) Read the entire page →
From page 42... ... 42 CLINICAL RESEARCH WORKFORCE DIVERSITY NEEDS FOR 2010 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 N um be r Black Asian Hispanic FIGURE 3-3 Black, Asian, and Hispanic M.D./Ph.D. graduates, 1986-2002. Read the entire page →
From page 43... ... WOMEN AND UNDERREPRESENTED MINORITIES 43 search career. Examples of minority-targeted programs are profiled in Appendix D Read the entire page →
From page 45... ... WOMEN AND UNDERREPRESENTED MINORITIES 45 FIGURE 3-4 New applications and funded awards for four NIH loan repayment programs, FY 2002 and FY 2003. SOURCE: National Institutes of Health, http://www.lrp.nih.gov. Read the entire page →
From page 46... ... 46 CLINICAL RESEARCH WORKFORCE DIVERSITY NEEDS FOR 2010 TABLE 3-3 Distribution of Loan Repayment Program Applicants by Sex, FY 2003 Number of Number Success Sex Applications Funded Rate (%) Clinical Research LRP Unknown 33 18 55 Female 519 347 67 Male 541 362 67 Clinical Research LRP for Individuals from Disadvantaged Backgrounds Unknown 3 2 67 Female 26 21 81 Male 13 10 77 Health Disparities LRP Unknown 2 2 100 Female 112 79 71 Male 68 40 59 Pediatric Research LRP Unknown 15 5 33 Female 246 148 60 Male 219 146 67 SOURCE: David Conboy, associate director for policy and liaison activities, Office of Loan Repayment, National Institutes of Health. Read the entire page →
From page 47... ... WOMEN AND UNDERREPRESENTED MINORITIES 47 Grant Supplements Supplements to research grants1 were established by NIH to address the need to increase the number of underrepresented minority scientists participating in biomedical research and the health-related sciences. Programs to Advance Women's Research Careers The NIH Office of Research on Women's Health, along with a number of co-sponsors, offers Building Interdisciplinary Research Careers in Women's Health (BIRCWH) Read the entire page →
From page 48... ... 48 CLINICAL RESEARCH WORKFORCE DIVERSITY NEEDS FOR 2010 ated with a VA medical center, and collaborates with local schools of public health and universities. COE research covers an array of important healthcare topics, such as quality of care, chronic diseases, primary care, mental health, substance abuse, pain management, and outcomes research. Read the entire page →
From page 49... ... WOMEN AND UNDERREPRESENTED MINORITIES 49 will provide $400,000 a year to support methodologists with Ph.D.'s. The Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, VA Employee Education System, and University of Washington are supporting the six distance-learning, cyber-session courses being conducted for VA researchers, clinicians, and administrators in medical centers through the VA Knowledge Network satellite system. Read the entire page →
From page 50... ... 50 CLINICAL RESEARCH WORKFORCE DIVERSITY NEEDS FOR 2010 the Cloister Program, selected students spend the year conducting research at NIH. In a second program, the HHMI Medical Fellows Program, students spend a full year doing research at their own or at another institution.4 Forty-two individuals are selected each year for the Cloister Program, and 60 students participate in the Medical Fellows Program. Read the entire page →
From page 51... ... WOMEN AND UNDERREPRESENTED MINORITIES 51 is designed to augment clinical training by providing the new skills and perspectives necessary to achieving leadership positions both inside and outside academia in the twenty-first century. The program stresses training in the quantitative and qualitative sciences that underlie health services research and are important to improving health and medical care systems. Read the entire page →
From page 52... ... 52 CLINICAL RESEARCH WORKFORCE DIVERSITY NEEDS FOR 2010 in the last decade RWJF has shifted toward clinical research. The Minority Medical Faculty Development Program seeks to increase the number of minority faculty who achieve senior rank in academic medicine and who will encourage and foster the development of succeeding classes of minority physicians. Read the entire page →
From page 53... ... WOMEN AND UNDERREPRESENTED MINORITIES 53 BOX 3-1 Summary Approaches to Increasing Diversity • Recruit more underrepresented minorities for medical school; • Encourage more women and underrepresented minorities to consider careers that include research; and • Promote underrepresented medical students coming out of programs such as NIH's Minority Access to Research Careers (MARC) and Minority Biomedical Research Support (MBRS) Read the entire page →
From page 54... ... 54 CLINICAL RESEARCH WORKFORCE DIVERSITY NEEDS FOR 2010 Minority Supplements • Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) Centers of Excellence; and • HRSA Minority Faculty Fellowship Program. Read the entire page →

From page 33...

... 33 3 The Status of Women and Underrepresented Minorities and Programs of Support A clinical research career may pose special challenges for women and minorities. This chapter focuses on the status of women and minorities in academic research careers, from students to faculty.