Strategies for Preservation of and Open Access to Scientific Data in China Summary of a Workshop (2006) / Chapter Skim
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5 Summaries of Presentations on Thematic Issues
5 Summaries of Presentations on Thematic Issues
Pages 62-94
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From page 62... ...
EXAMPLES OF LIFE SCIENCES AND PUBLIC HEALTH DATA ACTIVITIES The Chinese Management and Sharing System of Scientific Data for Medicine1 The initiation of the Management and Sharing System of Scientific Data for Medicine (the Medical Data Sharing System) was a key project in 1Based on a presentation by Depei Liu, Chinese Academy of Medicine and Chinese Academy of Engineering, available at http://www7.nationalacademies.org/usnc-codata/ Liu_Depei_Presentation.ppt.
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Oversight of this Medical Data Sharing System has been undertaken by the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, the Chinese Center for Disease Prevention and Control, the Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital and Graduate Medical School, and the Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Various scientific data resources in medicine are being integrated together by the Medical Data Sharing System.
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Medical data are necessary resources for the development of medical sciences and have characteristics common to other kinds of scientific data, including reusability and potential long-term value. The Human Genome Project has provided a successful example of access to and sharing of biomedical scientific data.
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New databank groups for medical scientific data similar to Genbank and the Protein Data Bank need to be established to make the data sharable, extendable, and authoritative.
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the establishment of international neuroinformatics research networks. The Chinese government also began to pay more attention to the Human Brain Project (HBP)
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Long-Term Studies of Human Anatomy Using the Digital Human and Scientific Data Sharing4 Human anatomy is a cornerstone of modern medicine. In 1543, Vesalius published the seminal anatomy book, On the Structure of the Human Body, which was one of the starting points of modern medicine.
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From page 68... ...
The next generation digital data sets and applications in medical teaching and clinical practices are expected to occur within the next 5 to 10 years. This brief history of digital human research underscores the need for implementing scientific data sharing in support of both research and applications in these digital human initiatives.
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From page 69... ...
The Safeguarding and Sharing of Traditional Chinese Medicine Database Resources6 A big effort to develop traditional Chinese medicine database resources began in the 1980s. Since that time, nearly one hundred such databases of various sizes have been constructed by numerous universities, colleges, and 6 Based on a presentation by Baoyan Liu and Meng Cui, China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine.
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In 2001, the scientific experiments information database of traditional Chinese medicine was initiated using data warehouse technology and a virtual research center platform, which is now operational. The ancient literature database contains various e-books.
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is an international consortium aimed at making the world's primary biodiversity data freely and openly available over the Internet to benefit society, science, and a sustainable future. Begun in 2001, GBIF's members as of June 2004 include 41 countries and 24 international organizations, each of which agrees to set up a computer node to share primary biodiversity data.
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The National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, a component of the NIH, is addressing specific issues in the clinical research network initiative. There are a number of barriers to creating a successful 10See "The Data Sharing Policy of the Chinese Ecosystem Research Network" in Chapter 4 of this report.
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Specific functions that need to be addressed include: Quantitative data integration, knowledge extraction, and clinical interpretation; Linkingimagingandotherdatabaseswithsoftwaretools; Managingsoftwareinthescientificandclinicalworkflow; Partnerships between industry and academia for software development and dissemination; Databasedevelopmentspecificallyforsoftwarevalidationandregulatory approval; and Standardsrelatedtointeroperabilityofimagingandotherdatabases, and including results of quantitative analysis of metadata. EXAMPLES OF EARTH SCIENCES, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND NATURAL RESOURCES DATA ACTIVITIES Progress in Meteorological Data Sharing in China13 Meteorological data are a vast resource that applies to many fields.
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The next step is for the meteorological data sharing project to take a leading role in the China-SDSP. To accomplish this, it must: Increase the capability of its service functions, and provide more and better services for national economic development and social welfare; Build upon the advances in science and technology, improve data security, and provide high-quality data products for sharing; Optimize the allocation of resources in the climate system and establish a "climate system" data sharing platform; and Develop extensive cooperation with domestic sectors and with international meteorological Web sites, institutes, and organizations.
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is maintained by the Global Change Information and Research Center at the Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research in the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The mission of the WDC-RRE is to cooperate actively with ICSU to promote exchange and sharing of data in the fields of natural resources and the environment.
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It is with these goals in mind that the Clearinghouse of Earth Science Data in China has been launched. Present Status and Future Development Strategy of China's Sustainable Development Information Network17 China's Sustainable Development Information Network (CSDIN)
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Other major elements for the development of CSDIN include the technology for the legacy system's reconstruction, the architecture of the data warehouse, the development of a geospatial database, and technologies for geo-information services. The future development of CSDIN will focus on geo-information service standards and technical specifications; implementation of a more user-friendly interface; enabling interoperable spatial, thematic, and temporal geo-information services; and building a sustainable development decision support system.
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is providing the digital geospatial framework. It consists of vertically and horizontally integrated geospatial databases and communication networks, as well as necessary institutional arrangements for effective flow and exchange of geospatial information.
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Information from users of the data thus is needed to provide guidance for the management of a data center. From this perspective, it appears that an important part of providing international scientific leadership in seismology is making seismic data easily available to all interested potential users.
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Regional networks usually have a more standardized configuration, so data from them can be used with greater confidence by more seismologists. Many seismologists accept a location computed by a regional network as absolutely accurate within 20 kilometers if it is computed from arrival times at seismic stations that are all within 20Based on a presentation by Raymond J
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First, IASPEI passed at its 2003 General Assembly in Sapporo, Japan, a resolution urging all seismic networks to share information about all seismic stations. The resolution states: RECOGNIZING the need to accurately locate earthquakes and determine earthquake size, and compile complete earthquake bulletins, URGES all operators of seismic stations and networks to deposit unique sta tion codes with the international registry maintained by the International Seismological Centre and by the World Data Centre for Seismology, Denver, and to freely share the coordinates of all seismic stations, URGES all operators of seismic stations and networks to keep accurate record of instrument response and performance.
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After the three years of development, the Digital Fujian program has established successfully the e-government information networking and data sharing platform between the provincial government and the city and county government departments. It now includes approximately one terabyte of standardized data resources among 21 government agencies, 9 information application systems, 20 government information application projects, a provincial information technology technician training center, and a set of information sharing standards and regulations.
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Free versus proprietary data. NASA Earth System Science data are freely and openly available.
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The urgent problem is: How to observe international IPR regulations while at the same time improving the scientific information resource capacity building and meeting the demands of social progress? The Practice of the Chinese National Scientific and Technical Library of China The National Scientific and Technical Library (NSTL)
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The NSTL office is in charge of coordinating and managing the services. The principles for operation of the NSTL are: "unified purchasing, normalized processing, combined networking, and resource sharing." The main goals are to: Build and share the scientific literature and information resources among all members through a convenient network so that this virtual library can provide better service to the research community in the areas of basic science, engineering, agriculture, and medicine; Developahigh-levelscientificliteraturecollectionandservicecenter; Demonstrate effective applications of information technologies in scientific literature and information services; Become a pivotal force in cooperation with the broader Chinese library system and the leader in the scientific library system of China; Play a major role in exchanges with the international library community; and Establish the information resource base for research, training, and the popularization of scientific education.
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First, it has increased the total number and variety of the scientific literature resources in China. The investments in scientific literature have been used more effectively since the NSTL member libraries stopped the counterproductive duplication and competition in purchasing international scientific periodicals as a result of NSTL planning.
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Despite these accomplishments, the NSTL, like all public libraries, continues to face a serious problem. The benefit of using information technology to decrease the costs of knowledge sharing is greatly counteracted by the rising costs of the imported information resources.
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The universities in the West are contributing to that gap, as their work becomes increasingly expensive to access (with some generous exceptions negotiated with publishers by the International Network for the Availability of Scientific Publications and some other organizations)
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THEMATIC ISSUES 89 as of June 2004, has announced the launch of its second phase, allowing sophisticated searching of the full text of the Directory's articles. The U.K.based open-access publisher BioMedCentral now publishes over 100 openaccess journals.
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It has been particularly successful in Africa with the African Journals Online (AJOL) ser 32Based on a presentation by Pippa Smart, International Network for the Availability of Scientific Publications, United Kingdom, available at http://www7.nationalacademies.org/ usnc-codata/PippaSmartPresentation.ppt.
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Of course, there continue to be many challenges for information access, and INASP is continually updating its activities to respond to requests from partners and to increase its capabilities to develop sustainable methodologies. Scientific Information and Digital Libraries: Can Developing Countries Become Key Players in the Information Society?
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Astrategicapproachisalsoneededtoleverageresourcesandmaximize effectiveness by increased collaboration among developing countries, and to document and disseminate best practices. This goal can be promoted by forming data archiving groups at different geographic levels to overcome the isolation of individual data archivists and promote beneficial
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The future global information society may be one of widespread and beneficial international collaboration, or one of highly stratified access to knowledge. In order for the first scenario to prevail, the external barriers to access to knowledge need to be reduced, and the perverse internal dynamics preventing many developing countries from joining the global scientific community as active participants must be changed.
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