Influence of Pregnancy Weight on Maternal and Child Health Workshop Report (2007) / Chapter Skim
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7 Emerging Themes
7 Emerging Themes
Pages 80-92
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From page 80... ...
Neither the workshop nor this report is intended as a comprehensive review of what is known about maternal weight and gestational weight gain and maternal and child health outcomes, although it is a general reflection of the literature. Many additional contributors of gestational weight gain and health outcomes were not addressed in the limited time available for the workshop.
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From page 81... ...
Low birth weight has additional causes other than gestational weight gain.
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From page 82... ...
The different BMI categories were also seen as a challenge to outreach efforts, as an apparent undermining of public confidence in the research and clinical community if apparently conflicting advice is disseminated. Utility of and Compliance with IOM Recommendations All speakers who presented data on weight gain patterns in reference to the IOM recommendations noted that only about one-third of women gained within the specified ranges during pregnancy; all others gained more or less weight than is recommended.
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From page 83... ...
for pregnancy that reflect other health outcomes besides gestational weight gain and birth weight. For example, other maternal health outcomes could include postpartum weight retention, cardiovascular disease, and other metabolic issues; other child health outcomes could include obesity-related consequences (e.g., mental health, BMI, cardiovascular disease)
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From page 84... ...
However, relative to older mothers, postpartum weight retention in young adolescents could be serious, as their lifetime weight retention risk may be far greater. For example, during the discussion, data presented about adolescent mothers suggested a relationship between adolescent growth during pregnancy and higher gestational weight gain and postpartum weight retention.
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From page 85... ...
However, lactation status is not a clear variable in research on gestational weight gain. Data are limited on potential mediating or moderating effects of lactation on maternal postpartum weight, as well as child outcomes.
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From page 86... ...
and child outcomes that are not necessarily explained by gestational weight gain. Whole-Person Approach Several participants drew on a whole-person approach, one that considers weight, nutrition, and physical activity as components of maternal weight status, gestational weight gain, and child outcomes.
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From page 87... ...
Several speakers noted high dropout rates in postpartum interventions although Special Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants, and Children or regular infant care visits are possible points of contact postpartum. Nearly all who raised the issue, however, expressed an ideal that provided intervention before, during, and after pregnancy.
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From page 88... ...
. Measuring gestational weight gain at different time points throughout pregnancy is also seen as important in studying the effects of weight on child and maternal outcomes.
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From page 89... ...
Small changes to medical records could help professionals adequately track gestational weight gain. The lack of guidance from providers is especially likely for women who are uninsured or who have inadequate health insurance.
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From page 90... ...
· Data are limited on the individual, psychosocial, community based, and health care and health care system factors reviewed that may help women comply with recommended weight and gestational weight guidelines during and after pregnancy. Data are especially limited on these factors and especially on the inter actions of these factors.
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From page 91... ...
· Further research is needed on the effects of maternal weight and gestational weight gain (in combination and separate) on mater nal and child health outcomes in all racial/ethnic and other popu lations of women (e.g., adolescents and women of short stature)
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From page 92... ...
Future efforts will need to draw on a variety of theoretical frameworks and special population studies as well as comprehensive epidemiological studies to shape clinical interventions and guidance for pregnant women in achieving healthy outcomes for all. REFERENCE Institute of Medicine 1990 Nutrition During Pregnancy.
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