Frontiers of Engineering Reports on Leading-Edge Engineering from the 2006 Symposium (2007) / Chapter Skim
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Energy and Environmental Impacts of Personal Mobility
Energy and Environmental Impacts of Personal Mobility
Pages 99-106
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From page 99... ...
Instead, transportation officials are now investigating intelligent transportation systems and other means to increase the capacity of existing roadways through computer, communications, and control technologies (DOT, 2001)
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From page 100... ...
. The study defines congestion as "slow speeds caused by heavy traffic and/or narrow roadways due to construction, incidents, or too few lanes for the demand." Because traffic volume has increased faster than road capacity, congestion has gotten progressively worse, despite the push toward alternative modes of transportation, new technologies, innovative land-use patterns, and demand-management techniques.
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From page 101... ...
Several important results can be derived from this information: · In general, whenever congestion brings the average vehicle speed below 45 mph (for a freeway scenario) , there is a negative net impact on fuel consumption and emissions.
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From page 102... ...
r congestion driving patterns 0.20 (g 0.15 HC 0.10 steady-state driving patterns 0.05 0.00 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 speed (mph) FIGURE 2 Fuel consumption and emissions based on average speed for typical passenger vehicles.
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From page 103... ...
Examples include building additional roads and adding lanes to existing roads to increase roadway capacity; building bike paths or lanes and walkways to promote these alternative modes of transportation; improving transit facilities and services, as well as intermodal facilities and services, to encourage people to use mass transit more often; improving overall system operations (e.g., responding quickly to roadway incidents) ; and implementing intelligent transportation system techniques to improve travel efficiency.
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From page 104... ...
Although a certain amount of congestion can have a positive impact on fuel consumption and vehicle emissions by slowing traffic, severe congestion has the opposite effect. A number of transportation innovations can be implemented to improve overall personal mobility with minimal energy and environmental impacts.
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From page 105... ...
Transit Cooperative Research Programs Report #90, Transportation Research Board, The National Academies. Washington, D.C.: Transportation Research Board.
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