Soldier Protective Clothing and Equipment Feasibility of Chemical Testing Using a Fully Articulated Robotic Mannequin (2008) / Chapter Skim
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3 Design Challenge: Mannequin Under-Ensemble Sensing
3 Design Challenge: Mannequin Under-Ensemble Sensing
Pages 57-76
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From page 57... ...
The design, fit, or size of the protective garment will influence chemicalagent penetration. When worn, clothing is subjected to pressure differentials across the garment due to breathing, wind, or the bellows effect created by body movement, which may force chemical-warfare agent (CWA)
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From page 58... ...
The technology should be: • Unaffected by perspiration (water vapor) beneath the garment ensemble • Unaffected by any potential interferents from garment material or residual decontamination cleanser and chemicals off-gassing • Packaged in a durable device that can withstand rough handling and repeated use • Portable enough to be conveniently placed in different locations on the test mannequin and beneath the protective garment • Unaffected by "false-positive" readings (for example, readings that result from residual volatile additives in the protective-garment ma terial, decontamination chemicals and cleansers, or from moisture interference)
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From page 59... ...
Preventive maintenance is defined as a maintenance event performed prior to a failure in order to prevent its occurrence. 3.3.5 The PETMAN system shall be compatible with current under ensemble chemical breakthrough sampling technologies, procedures, and equipment as de fined in Test Operations Procedure (TOP)
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SOURCE: U.S. Army Developmental Test Command Test Operations Procedure (TOP)
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From page 61... ...
SOURCE: U.S. Army Developmental Test Command Test Operations Procedure (TOP)
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From page 62... ...
Ong. Detection Technologies for Chemical Warfare Agents and Toxic Vapors, CRC Press (2004)
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In Tables 3.4 through 3.6 the three technologies and the current passive absorptive devices (PADs) currently used in the MIST are compared based on how they all address the PETMAN requirements.
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Response time (≤ 1 s is M M H M M L M M most desirable) Potential for wireless Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Not powered Yes Yes power source
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From page 65... ...
Capable of detecting nanogram levels of agent or Yes Yes Not applicable Yes simulant penetration or permeation Capable of operating for 12 hours before requiring Yesb Yes Not applicable Yes operational maintenance, three months before preventive maintenance, and six months before to calibration (see Section 3.3.2) Compatible with current under-ensemble chemical- Yes Yes Yes Yes breakthrough sampling technologies, procedures, and equipment as defined in TOP 10-2-022 (see Section 3.3.5)
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From page 66... ...
Able to detect and report agent or simulant Yes Yes No No permeation or penetration in real time in 1 second increments (see Section 3.3.5) Operational at (not affected by)
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From page 67... ...
Results in "false-positive" reading for test agents Noc Noc Unknown No (GB, HD, or simulants) aAdditional testing must be performed to confirm that sensor is not affected by perspiration or water vapor or by components that may off-gas from protective garment.
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From page 68... ...
2006. Chemicapacitive Microsensors for Chemical Warfare Agent and Toxic Industrial Chemical Detection.
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From page 69... ...
Key characteristics of fiberoptic sensing based on the references cited are given below. Dynamic Range and Detection Limit: Some fiber-optics-based technologies can measure from 25 ng to over 1 μg of gas, but this can vary with the fiber-optics system.
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From page 70... ...
Key characteristics of SAW technology based on the cited references are presented below. Dynamic Range and Detection Limit: The dynamic range of a typical SAW chemical sensor is 5-6 orders of magnitude, measuring from about 1 pg to 1 μg of vapor.
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Design Challenges and How They May be Addressed Although the technologies cited above have the ability to detect CWAs, meeting most of or all the requirements cited in Tables 3.5 through 3.7, several design challenges are related to their adaptation or incorporation into the PETMAN system. Those challenges are categorized as associated with optimization or tailoring of the basic sensing technologies for this application or with incorporation into a mobile PETMAN mannequin.
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From page 72... ...
If SAW or chemicapacitor technology is used, however, the mannequin may require recessed areas to accommodate and minimize the profile of the individual sensing devices. Resistance to Shock and Vibration: To ensure that a sensor's response is not affected by exposure to shock and vibration, it may be necessary to envelop it in an inert damping polymeric material, such as silicone sponge.
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From page 73... ...
could be built into the skin of the mannequin and even recessed to allow a flush surface. The wires under the skin could connect to a readout circuit elsewhere on the body and thereby connect to a wireless interface.The sensor chip could be tethered to the readout circuit via a flexible printed-circuit cable (also called laminated flat flexible cables)
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From page 74... ...
However, the cost to equip a PETMAN with a fiber-optics-based system (a finished product, excluding development and optimization costs) should be relative low, possibly less than $5,000.13 If a SAW or chemicapacitor system is used, the product cost after development could exceed $10,000.14 Feasibility and Potential Alternatives When assessing the feasibility of a given technology, the following were considered: • Availability and reliability of the technology • Ability to meet the PETMAN requirements, outlined in Tables 3.5 through 3.7 • Likelihood of overcoming the design challenges associated with the adaptation of the technology and its incorporation into the PET MAN system • Time to develop and optimize • Cost • Maintenance The three example technologies discussed -- chemicapacitor, fiber-optics-based, and SAW -- have the potential to meet the cited requirements for the detection of CWA penetration or permeation in the PETMAN.
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From page 75... ...
The real-time sensors identified also have the potential to achieve the objective requirements of PETMAN. However, several design challenges exist for adapting or incorporating any of these sam pling systems into the PETMAN.
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From page 76... ...
Conclusion 3-3: The hurdles faced by organizations in developing and commercializing a new sensor can be formidable. The cost associ ated with the development and optimization of technologies for the PETMAN application could be millions of dollars, and the product cost after development could range anywhere from a few thousand dollars to more than $10,000.
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