Assessment of the NASA Applied Sciences Program (2007) / Chapter Skim
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3 Partnerships with Federal Agencies
3 Partnerships with Federal Agencies
Pages 47-76
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. NOAA plays a dual role as an operational home for research sensors developed by NASA and as a user of NASA products.
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. The committee received ample information from some agencies, particularly NOAA (NOAA Research Council, 2006)
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Seasonal temperature and Crop Assessment Data Retrieval Improved crop production Agricultural USDA, EPA precipitation, extended weather and Evaluation (CADRE) assessments Efficiency forecasts, and soil moisture via GPM, Increased agricultural productivity Aqua, Terra, NPP, Landsat, Aquarius, and reliability suborbital Measurement of carbonaceous gases CQUEST tools developed to Operational decision-support system Carbon USDA, EPA, DOE, and aerosols, terrestrial biomass and implement Section 1065(B)
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disease predictions with a corresponding increase in warning time Measurement and modeling of ocean Harmful Algal Bloom Mapping Improved capability of DSS to Coastal NOAA, EPA temperatures, winds, color, and System/Bulletin forecast HAB initiation, transport, Management salinity associated with harmful algae (HABMap/Bulletin) toxic severity, landfall, and demise blooms via Terra, NPP, SeaWinds, Landsat, Jason
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crop water use toward reduction of NPP, GRACE, GPM, Landsat, and Agricultural Water Resources real irrigation suborbital and Decision Support Seasonal predictions for optimum (AWARDS) vegetation selection and improved water use efficiency Measurements of aerosols, ozone, Community Multiscale Air Multiple-day air quality forecasts and Air Quality EPA, NOAA, emissions, and modeling of aerosol Quality (CMAQ)
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set up by USDA and NASA. The NASA/USDA FAWGs are agriculture efficiency, air quality management, carbon management, disaster management, homeland security, invasive species, resource inventory and monitoring, and water management.
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in 2003 established a Federal Interagency Working Group on Earth Science Applications (IWGESA) with a joint funding Announcement of Opportunity through ROSES (Chapter 2)
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EPA does not routinely use commercial satellite data for its operational environmental monitoring because these data are not designed with science quality in mind, they are costly, and the options for data sharing may be controlled by a license agreement. Process EPA's partnership with ASP is focused on application of low-spatialresolution data.
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Results Formal arrangements and a direct liaison working with NASA have helped facilitate the partnership process and created the potential for establishing EPA's requirements. Unfortunately, NASA and ASP have had difficulties dedicating staff to these interactions.
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In addition, NGA notes that a NASA help desk would be useful. With respect to assisting with NGA's data needs in the long term, there is no NASA-NGA mechanism to develop new technologies to support pressing NGA requirements for highfrequency, high-resolution multispectral satellite data.
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Amongst the 12 spectral satellite systems available and appropriate for use by DHS in 2006, four of the systems were NASA's. Results Currently, DHS is a consumer of NASA products, and no formal mechanism exists for ASP to help develop new technologies to support DHS requirements.
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Image shows color map of sea surface height overlaid with the National Weather Service observed and predicted path and maximum sustained wind speed for the hurricane from the 7 am CDT forecast on September 23, 2005. High sea surface height (red)
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for calibrating the MODIS ocean color bands and products; STAR scientists on the AIRS science team contributed atmospheric profile retrieval algorithms and methodology to test the usefulness of AIRS data for numerical weather prediction. MODIS data are used operationally by NOAA to derive wind vectors over the polar regions.
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. Box 3.4 NOAA Application of NASA Data and Models The NOAA Research Council presented the following as examples of successful applications of NASA data and models in NOAA: • The NASA Coupled Climate Forecast Model will be one member of the NOAA multi-model ensemble forecast system for operational climate forecasts.
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, NASA, and NOAA. The participants' shared goal is to accelerate the use of satellite data in numerical weather prediction.
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According to the NOAA Research Council the process for stating requirements is informal, with NASA making the final decision on research projects they fund. JCSDA has identified a need for high-frequency, highresolution multispectral satellite data from NASA.
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There is no formal mechanism for communicating data needs and results back to NASA, and there is little funding from CSC for the NASA science community or interaction between the two groups. BOX 3.5 Insufficient Resources for Airborne and Surface Systems "There are insufficient resources being allocated to airborne and surface systems, which can be more responsive and produce higher data quality than space systems for high-resolution requirements.
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NOAA members of NASA science teams report quarterly on progress during formal science team meetings, but NOAA has no formal mechanism for communicating back to NASA, although informal communication has occurred through the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center and the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Extending NASA Research to NOAA Operations Because NASA is a research and development agency, the long-term benefits of its contributions to operational decision support hinge on effective processes for transferring sensors to operational entities such as NOAA.
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• All NASA Earth science satellite missions should be formally evaluated in the early stages of the mission planning process for potential applications to operations in the short, medium, or long term, and resources should be planned for and secured to support appropriate mission transition activities. • NASA and NOAA should jointly work toward and should budget for an adaptive and flexible operational system in order to support the rapid infusion of new satellite observational technologies, the validation of new capabilities, and the implementation of new operational applications.
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by NASA. To the Earth Science Division, R&O means making the transition from NASA-developed research-grade sensors and sensorlevel components into NOAA operations and to assess NOAA operational measurements that can satisfy NASA Earth science research needs (e.g., developing long-term climate data records)
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While it is recognized that NASA does not have operational responsibilities, the direction taken by research and experimental missions is driven by the requirements NASA identifies. The use of NOAA requirements information we have developed for NOAA customers and partners would allow NASA to develop instrumentation that would meet those requirements." SOURCE: NOAA Research Council (2006)
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The Feedback Mechanism NASA and NOAA worked jointly to develop a conceptual model for the NASA-NOAA research-to-operations transition (Figure 3.2)
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, NASA and its partners would benefit from more. NOAA, for example, desires more formal arrangements such as MOUs for transfer of resources from NASA to NOAA once an operational capability has been demonstrated (NOAA Research Council, 2006)
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The bridging function of ASP is particularly suited to the IWG function of linking NASA research to other federal agencies responsible for climate change DSS. ASP's defined mission casts itself directly over CCSP's four core approaches: scientific research, observations, decision support, and communications.
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, Climate Variability and Predictability (CLIVAR) , and Decision Support Resource Development and Human Contributions and Responses.
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1998 MOU Administrator USDA Development, Transfer, Utilization, and Commercialization Basic Collaborative programs, especially in area of satellite programs, data systems, June 1998 Agreement Administrator DoC research and analysis, and other areas Cooperation on the Remote Sensing Technology Application in Sep. 1999 MOU Administrator DOT Transportation ESE (Earth Science Collaborative programs.
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2002 Partnership ESE DHS - FEMA FEMA's HAZUS Decision-Support System Apply NASA Earth Science data and model products to enhance the nation's Feb. 2003 ability to expand the use of renewable energy technologies in a number of end-user applications MOU ASP DOE/NREL Cooperation in Earth science.
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and numerous national subcommittees and task forces. Representation in these groups may be either through a representative of the ASP or through the Earth Science Division or other unit within NASA.
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ASP has identified some specific successes in achieving societal benefits through transfer of NASA products to external applications and these include: (1) improved warning, monitoring, and recovery support from national disasters, such as hurricanes and floods; (2)
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Many federal partners have expressed a requirement for high-resolution multispectral satellite data, for example, but indicate that they do not find an effective mechanism at NASA to absorb this feedback. In general, federal users have a wide range of needs in terms of satellite data continuity, quality, format, and resolution.
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