Mobilizing Science-Based Enterprises for Energy, Water, and Medicines in Nigeria (2007) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix B: Water Purification: Hypothetical Case Study
Appendix B: Water Purification: Hypothetical Case Study
Pages 90-107
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From page 90... ...
Workshop participants included representatives of the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources, the Federal Institute of Industrial Research (FIIRO) , the University of Lagos, and the University of Ibadan.
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From page 91... ...
ultraviolet disinfection unit is at the core of the large systems sold by WaterHealth International to franchisees who use them to produce and sell potable water in containers to consumers at prices below those of bottled spring water. Other WHI products, such as community-scale water systems, are sold to governments or communities directly, and provide enough safe water to meet nearly all daily domestic needs, including hand and food washing and bathing.
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From page 92... ...
The community water system can provide safe potable water for 3,000 people. WHI claims third-party laboratories have validated that the UVW technology, operating at a flow rate of four gallons per minute, eliminates Job # R01107 at least 99.9999 percent of the bacteria and viruses that cause water-borne disease.
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From page 93... ...
The most economical model consists of a porous clay filter unit perched inside a lidded 5-gallon, spigoted receptacle of plastic or clay. FIGURE B-2 Colloidal silver-enhanced earthenware ceramic water filter.
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From page 94... ...
In 1997 WHI established a subsidiary in Manila to offer franchises that would use the UVW technology to provide lower-cost alternatives to bottled water. The subsidiary enables local "mom and pop" store proprietors to own and operate WaterHealth-branded "water stores" that would benefit from WaterHealth's expertise -- such as on where to open their stores, how much foot traffic versus deliveries they should expect, and how to manage finances -- as well as technical services.
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From page 95... ...
The village organizations typically sell coupons to families to redeem for water; end users may opt to pay extra for home delivery in special containers. Part of each community water system is an educational program, usually conducted by a nongovernmental organization (NGO)
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From page 96... ...
In October 1998, when Central America was struck by Hurricane Mitch and, as part of the relief effort, the Red Cross was importing clean water in large quantities, Potters for Peace sought a way to produce the water locally, using low-cost existing technologies. It chose a model that had been developed at ICAITI in Guatemala in 1981.
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From page 97... ...
Even those who rely on deep bore wells cannot rely on safe water, and so bottled spring water is widely used. The World Bank has sponsored several water projects, but most of these have been urban; rural areas are overlooked.
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From page 98... ...
Impurities in water include chemical and biological contaminants and volatile organics from plastic pipes, which are thought to cause infertility and a decline in the birthrate. Commonly diagnosed waterborne diseases include diarrheal disease, dracunculiasis (guinea worm)
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From page 99... ...
Potable water or Filtron units also can be offered to middle-class customers in more elegant containers, and bottled water can be marketed through water stores or for home delivery. Branded water also may be sold in bottles in city traffic, with some security measures applied to discourage competitors with counterfeit (nonpurified)
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From page 100... ...
Depending on the water source, lower power requirements may apply to water store franchises that do not have to pipe water to their facilities. Solar cells and batteries for this purpose can be imported if desired, and in the future may be available locally.
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From page 101... ...
Thus the capabilities exist within Nigeria to manufacture complete Filtron ceramic filters from locally available materials. This was demonstrated at the end of the workshop when Ron Rivera of Potters for Peace collaborated with Ishmael Bashir, a ceramist at the Lagos-based Federal Institute of Industrial Research (FIIRO)
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From page 102... ...
Field sites or franchises should be selected for marketing advantages and access to a water source, whether surface water such as a river bank where people are accustomed to coming for water or ground water in a site where a bore well may be feasible. The franchisee will have to acquire or build an attractive facility, stable and rainproof, near the water source or easy for customers to access.
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From page 103... ...
The quality control officer would independently test the water and inspect the equipment. A typical water store franchise would likely require three employees for filtering water, washing and refilling containers, and water delivery, depending on the area served and its demographics.
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From page 104... ...
It would help to ensure that the vendors are local people, and that the emphasis is on the product as not simply water but the process of purification. The low cost of treated water versus the avoidably high costs of consuming untreated water should be analyzed, and the results conveyed through social marketing and education campaigns.
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From page 105... ...
If the goal is to sell a ceramic filter to every home in Nigeria or to dominate the market for bottled water in Lagos in 10 years, marketing would be organized differently than if the goal is to sell 1,000 Filtrons or open 50 water stores a year. Normally, a marketing agent receives a salary of about 35,000 naira, or about twice the average wage of a full-time employee.
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From page 106... ...
I Akeju University of Lagos Ishmael Bashir Federal Institute of Industrial Research FIIRO Fola Esan University of Ibadan Njidda Gadzama Nigerian Academy of Science, University of Maiduguri Michael Greene U.S.
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From page 107... ...
Ltd. Ron Rivera Potters for Peace Folasade Segun Neimeth International Pharmaceuticals Plc.
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