Maritime Security Partnerships (2008) / Chapter Skim
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4 Implementation Strategy for Maritime Security Partnerships
4 Implementation Strategy for Maritime Security Partnerships
Pages 123-148
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government executive departments or agencies have the responsibility and authority will facilitate that implementation. The functions are as follows: • Creation of policy and strategic guidance that sets objectives, establishes regulations, and assigns roles, responsibilities, and authorities for conducting operations; • Strategic and operational planning; • Resource allocation; • Development, management, and employment of the military and law enforcement forces; and • Performance assessment and feedback.
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From page 124... ...
: • Offering maritime and port security assistance, training, and consultation; • Coordinating and prioritizing maritime security assistance and liaison with in regions; • Allocating economic assistance to developing nations for maritime security to enhance security and prosperity; • Promoting implementation of the Convention for the Suppression of Un lawful Acts against the Safety of Maritime Navigation and its amendments and other international agreements; and • Expanding the International Port Security and Maritime Liaison Officer Programs, and the number of agency attachés. The NSMS calls for new diplomatic initiatives through international organizations, coordinated by the Department of State, to include activities such as the following: • Implementing standardized international security and World Customs Or ganization frameworks for customs practices and standards to ensure that goods and people entering a country do not pose a threat; • Expanding the use of modernized and automated systems, processes, and trade data to make vessel registration, ownership, and operation, as well as White House (George W
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2005. National Plan to Achieve Maritime Domain Awareness for the National Strategy for Maritime Security, Washington, D.C., October.
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to "review existing interagency practices, coordination, and execution of U.S. policies and strategies relating to maritime security, and recommend specific improvements to all of them as warranted." It states that the "MSPCC, in consultation with the relevant regional and functional policy coordinating committees of the federal government, and without exercising operational oversight, shall act as the primary forum for interagency coordination of the implementation of this directive." NSPD 41 also directed the secretaries of Defense and Homeland Security to draft the NSMS, which was promulgated by the President in September 2005, 11 and to prepare supporting plans.
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• Criminal activities, including smuggling people, drugs, weapons, and other contraband, as well as piracy and armed robbery against vessels, particularly in the pay of terrorists and in regions where there is little or no maritime law enforcement capacity. • Environmental destruction and management of maritime resources that contribute to aggressive actions.
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Navy Maritime security for the Navy today has evolved from conventional maritime operations against a peer competitor to dealing with an environment rife with asymmetric threats and supporting law enforcement functions in the maritime domain. The recognition that nations have common interests in maritime security and can work together to develop peaceful change has led to the Chief of Naval Operations' (CNO's)
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NOTE: DEA, Drug Enforcement Agency; DOE, Department of Energy; FBI, Federal Bureau of Investigation; EMIO, Expanded Maritime Intercept Operation. For additional definitions, see Appendix G
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The point was made that the sea cannot be commanded. Also, there needs to be an interagency approach to maritime security at the international level to get the proper support for elements operating in the regional maritime domains.
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DOD and DHS Force Planning for MSP DOD planning to support operations for MSP would start when requests for assistance are received from the combatant commanders (COCOMs) , through their naval component commanders, to support their theater engagement plans.
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Global Fleet Station offers a means to improve regional maritime security through bilateral and multilateral cooperative efforts and efforts with NGOs. Two early applications of this concept have had positive results.
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Moreover, no agency has been designated to conduct strategic and operational planning for MSP, to identify the resources needed and develop the capabilities to implement them, or to conduct the force management to schedule and employ the military and law enforcement forces involved. Finding: Major gaps in roles and responsibilities exist between, on the one hand, the agencies with responsibilities and authorities for setting policy and establishing regulations and, on the other hand, the maritime forces responsible for enforcing these regulations.
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, with the DoS having the principal responsibility and authority for security assistance. Section 1206 of the Fiscal Year National Defense Authorization Act authorized DOD to expend funds directly to assist foreign military forces in countering terrorism.
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Bush) , 2003, National Strategy to Secure Cyberspace, February.
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Operations" 23 in November 2005 and developed a roadmap for building partnership capacity in conjunction with the 2006 Quadrennial Defense Review (QDR)
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The 2006 National Defense Authorization Act, Section 1206, authorized funding for DOD to train and equip foreign military forces to conduct counterterrorism and stability operations. This effort led the DOD to propose an act on building global partnership.25 The Office of Management and Budget (OMB)
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Their operational responsibilities have motivated sophisticated planning, resource allocation, and force development, management, and employment processes. Foundations of Maritime Security Partnerships The DOD's theater security cooperation (TSC)
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The COCOMs prepare TSC plans to carry out the missions assigned in the Security Cooperation Guidance provided by the Secretary of Defense. According to the 2006 Quadrennial Defense Review, the Security Cooperation Guidance will be incorporated into the Contingency Planning Guidance, signed by the President, which directs COCOM planning.
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for developing standardized force structure data that will provide on-demand information in a net-centric environment."35 As agreed with the DHS, the USCG will make data on the readiness of its forces available to support global force management. Finding: COCOM Theater Security Cooperation plans provide the foundation for conducting the operational functions that are not incorporated into NSPD 41 or its supporting plans.
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participation in the MSP is crucial if the concept is to work; however, the support has been sporadic so far. Initiatives within the NSC and DoS are being coordinated but have to be resolved if the Navy, the USCG, and law enforcement agencies are to be effective when operating in the maritime domain in support of the NSMS requirements in different regions of the world.
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NOTE: PSI, Proliferation Security Initiative; CSI, Container Security Initiative; ITP, International Training Programs (USCG) ; ATA, Antiterrorism Assistance; EXBS, Export Control and Border Security; ISPS, International Shipping and Port Security; EMIO, Expanded Maritime Intercept Operation; GWOT, global war on terror; DOT, Department of Transportation.
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ATA provides training and equipment based on onsite needs assessments for foreign law enforcement and civilian security organizations. • Regional Maritime Security Program (RMSP)
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Several alternatives could be pursued to implement and strengthen MSP both domestically and internationally, among them the following: • Maintain the current roles and responsibilities for maritime security within the various agencies and departments of the government but improve on interagency coordination mechanisms. Coordination could begin without bureaucratic delay if the NSC would put into effect the already established maritime security coordinating policy.
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The Navy has ownership of the MSP concept but, along with DOD, presents a military front, which may be undesirable. DOD and the Navy also lack law enforcement authority.
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programs related to maritime security and safety in that country. If either the Navy or the USCG deploys units to work on maritime security missions in a specific region, those units must coordinate their activities with those of the country teams to ensure that they are supporting the local requirements as well as the COCOM's Theater Engagement Plan.
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Recommendation 12: The Chief of Naval Operations should recommend the appointment of an independent third party such as a presidential commission on maritime security governance tasked to recommend ways of strengthening the nation's maritime security policy, to define the roles and responsibilities of various U.S. government agencies and departments to better implement maritime security partnerships both domestically and internationally, and to move forward as suggested in the 11 other recommendations of this report.
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