Benchmarking the Competitiveness of the United States in Mechanical Engineering Basic Research (2007) / Chapter Skim
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2 Current U.S. Leadership Position in Mechanical Engineering Basic Research
2 Current U.S. Leadership Position in Mechanical Engineering Basic Research
Pages 13-38
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From page 13... ...
Thus, looking at the quantity and quality of journal articles being published in the world is an important and largely objective measure of scientific and engineering research leadership. For this analysis, the panel conducted broad literature searches as well as more targeted searches of specific mechanical engineering journals using the Scopus1 database.
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o Area-specific journals where mechanical engineering researchers are the primary contributors, e.g. Journal of Fluid Mechanics The full list of 68 mechanical engineering-related journals considered by the panel, including impact factors2 and country of publication, is given in appendix Table C-1.
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"Asia 13" includes Bangladesh, China (including Hong Kong) , India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan, the Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam.
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TABLE 2-1 U.S. Share of Worldwide Mechanical Engineering Journal Articles, 1988-2006 U.S.
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SOURCE: Scopus database (http://www.scopus.com/scopus/home.url) search, "mechanical" in source title or author affiliation, and country in author affiliation.
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556 International Journal of Heat and 89 Jixie Gongcheng Xuebao (Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering) Mass Transfer 192 Journal of Mechanical Design 86 Jixie Qiandu (Journal of Mechanical Strength)
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contribution to 68 select journals (see appendix Table C-2) in areas of mechanical engineering, for select years 1999, 2003, 2005.
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contributions to most-cited articles was obtained in two different ways in order to identify contributions to mechanical engineering. First, the Scopus database was used to determine the 50 most-cited articles for the 12 area-representative mechanical engineering journals (appendix table C-2)
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Overall, bioengineering, thermal systems and heat transfer, computational, and materialsrelated journals figure prominently among the lists. As expected, the most recent list for 20022006, largely includes nanotechnology, materials, and biologically focused articles in journals such as Acta Materialia (5)
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2002-2006 Philosophical Journal of Journal of Fluid International Journal of 17 2 Magazine A 7 5 Biomechanics 5 5 Mechanics 6 6 Heat and Mass Transfer Journal of 14 14 5 4 Automatica 5 4 Physical Review Letters 5 3 Acta Materialia Biomechanics Journal of Combustion and Journal of Biomechanical 9 9 4 2 Flame 4 4 Computational Physics 5 5 Nano Letters Engineering Journal of Combustion and Computational Annual Review of Fluid Flame Mechanics 4 2 4 4 Physics 3 3 5 4 Science International International Journal Journal of for Numerical Methods Chemical Physics Mechanical 4 2 Sciences 4 4 Science 3 3 in Engineering 4 0 Letters Journal of Journal of Orthopaedic Atmospheric Microelectromechanical Environment 4 2 Research 3 3 3 3 Systems 4 3 Langmuir Metallurgical and Journal of Fluid Materials Transactions 4 2 Spine 3 2 Mechanics 3 3 3 1 Biomaterials A Journal of Mechanical Design, Atmospheric Transactions of the Philosophical Magazine Composites Science and 3 3 Environment 3 3 ASME 3 2 A 3 2 Technology Journal of Physical Review Microelectromechanical 3 1 Automatica 3 3 Letters 3 2 Physical Review B 3 3 Systems Journal of Journal of the Computational Mechanics and Physics 3 3 Physics 3 3 of Solids Journal of the Acoustical Society 3 2 3 2 Polymer of America 22
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A detailed tabulation of the VWC results is given in appendix Table D-1.
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speakers for the 11 areas of mechanical engineering, as determined by virtual world congress organizers. MECHANICAL ENGINEERING AREA ASSESSMENTS The panel also qualitatively evaluated the different areas and subareas of mechanical engineering, and made assessments of leadership based on the combined analysis of journal citations and VWC results.
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contribution to articles published in acoustics and dynamics journals increased from 34 to 41 percent. Based on the combined analysis of journal citations (30-50 percent U.S.)
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Five bioengineering journals that currently have the top five greatest impact factors -- Biomaterials, Journal of Orthopaedic Research, Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, Journal of Biomechanics, and Annals of Biomedical Engineering -- were examined. In addition, from 1999 to 2005, U.S.
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modeling (including the development of algorithms software, and (3) computing, including the development of computational devices that enable large-scale computations; data storage, retrieval, and distribution; and the use of computational grids The major subareas of computational mechanics are computational fluid dynamics (CFD)
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The percentage of articles by U.S. authors in two leading computational mechanics journals International Journal of Numerical Methods in Engineering and Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering has been around 33 percent for several years.
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Primary venues to publish design research contributions are the Journal of Mechanical Design, Research in Engineering Design, Journal of Engineering Design, Design Studies, Computer-Aided Design, and Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering. Many design-related articles are also published in operations research, numerical methods, and aerospace journals, along with publications closely related to specific engineering application fields such as manufacturing, product development, and process management.
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In the 1960s, major advances in the state of space control system design methodologies, including optimal control theory, were made in the United States and the Soviet Union. These advances resulted from the pursuit of space exploration, and the United States still remains the world leader in the subfield of control system design methodologies, particularly in optimal and robust control theories (see discussion in the assessment below)
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• Nuclear energy (modeling of reactor fuel and computational fluid dynamics for reactor design)
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Manufacturing and Computer-Aided Manufacturing Manufacturing is the production of goods and services using raw materials and labor, Many of the specific issues associated with manufacturing are being done by mechanical engineers and include development of processes for creation of materials and material surfaces (textures) and interfaces, by machining and molding, for such varied uses as reducing drag of automobiles, creating the next generation of data storage devices, and developing concepts and tools (electrooptomechanical)
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In addition, four out of the five manufacturing journals analyzed showed greater than 50 percent U.S. contributions on average (Appendix Table C-2)
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As an example for both MEMS and Nano, the surface-to-volume ratio is extremely large compared to conventional mechanical engineering devices and systems. The scale effects are prohibitive in some cases but enabling in others.
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, the United States is among the leaders in the world in both MEMS/Nano research. Thermal Systems and Heat Transfer Research and development in thermal systems and heat transfer span a variety of fields including fluid mechanics (e.g., multiphase flows, plasmas, turbulence, biofluids)
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contribution to the ASME Journal of Heat Transfer. An average of 50 percent of the 50 mostcited articles for the ASME Journal of Fluids Engineering were U.S.
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Primary venues to publish tribology research contributions are the ASME Journal of Tribology, the Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers' STLE Tribology Transactions, Wear, Tribology International, and Tribology Letters. Many tribology-related articles are also published in physics, chemistry, and material science journals, as well as publications closely related to specific engineering applications fields such as transportation, environmental control, and manufacturing.
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. TABLE 2-5 Assessment of Mechanical Engineering Basic Research Leadership for Designated Areas of Mechanical Engineering, Based on Combined Results of the Virtual World Congress and Most-cited Articles VWC Most-cited articles Assessment Area (% U.S.)
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