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Appendix B: Exposure Measures in Studies of U.S. Vietnam Veterans
Pages 119-135

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From page 119... ... Appendix B Exposure Measures in Studies of U.S. Vietnam Veterans 119 Read the entire page →
From page 120... ... review of military records Self-reports of Agent Orange exposure Boyle et al., Retrospective CDC Vietnam Experience Military records Army service in Vietnam between 1965 and 1971 1987; cohort Study: Mortality in CDC, Vietnam and Vietnam 1987 era veterans CDC, 1988 Cohort CDC Vietnam Experience Military records Army service in Vietnam between 1965 and 1971 a,b,c, Study: Psychosocial, Telephone interview Self-reported exposures 1989 physical health, and reproductive outcomes CDC, Cohort pilot CDC Agent Orange Military records Five scores based on military records; two scores based on 1988d Validation Study Self-report through information from self-report Army Vietnam veterans and structured The scoring methods based on information from military Vietnam-era controls interview records reflected different assumptions about TCDD half-life and about completeness of data on troop and herbicide spray locations Read the entire page →
From page 121... ... STS, nasal carcinoma, review of military Considered branch of service, unit, location in Vietnam, nasopharyngeal records job duties, tour of duty, rank, perceived exposure to carcinoma, liver cancer Classification of unit herbicides mission by U.S. Non-Vietnam occupational exposure to phenoxy herbicides Army ESG O'Brien et Cohort NHL cases identified within Military records Vietnam service, noting region of service and military al., 1991 Vietnam Experience Interview occupation Study cohort Decouflé et Cohort Vietnam Experience Study Military records Herbicide exposure index reflecting four categories of al., 1992 Relationship of self- Telephone increasing intensity of exposure based on self-report reported health to questionnaire self-reported exposure to herbicides and combat among Army veterans Boehmer et Cohort Mortality update of Military records Entered military service 1965–1971, at least one tour of al., 2004 Vietnam Experience Army service in Vietnam Study cohort 121 continued Read the entire page →
From page 122... ... TABLE B-1 Continued 122 Sources of Reference Design Description Exposure Data Exposure Measures Department of Veterans Affairs Studies Kang et al., Case-control Hospital-based study of Military records Vietnam service 1986 Vietnam and Vietnam era veterans diagnosed with STS, 1969–1983 Burt et al., Retrospective NHL mortality among Military records Service as a member of Army or Marine Corps in Vietnam 1987 cohort Vietnam and Vietnam- between July 4, 1965, and March 1, 1973 era Army and Marine Corps veterans Kang et al., Case-control STS cases diagnosed at Military records Vietnam service in Army or Marine Corps, combat-related 1987 Armed Forces Institute Telephone interview military occupation, and broad geographic location of of Pathology (1975– individual's unit at time of service 1980) ; controls from patient logs of referring pathologists Breslin et Retrospective Mortality among Vietnam Military records Service as a member of Army or Marine Corps in Vietnam al., 1988 cohort and Vietnam-era Army between July 4, 1965, and March 1, 1973 and Marine Corps veterans True et al., Cross- Military service in Vietnam Questionnaire Exposure to combat in Vietnam 1988 sectional and subsequent posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms Read the entire page →
From page 123... ... Bullman et Cohort Mortality in Army Vietnam Military records Service in Military Region I al., 1990 and Vietnam-era veterans who served in Military Region I Farberow et Case-control Suicide and motor vehicle Military records Vietnam service, combat-related military occupation based al., 1990 deaths in Los Angeles Medical examiner's on military records; aspects of military experience based County among Vietnam records on next-of-kin report and Vietnam-era Army Next-of-kin and Marine Corps interviews veterans Goldberg et Cohort Posttraumatic stress Military records Southeast Asia service al., 1990 disorder among Questionnaire monozygotic twin pairs serving in the military during the Vietnam era Bullman et Case-control Combat and other Military records Vietnam service in a combat-related military occupation, al., 1991 service experience in having been wounded in Vietnam, having been awarded posttraumatic stress medals for combat-related Vietnam service disorder cases and controls selected from the VA Agent Orange Registry Dalager et Case-control Vietnam and Vietnam-era Military records Branch of service, combat role, service within a specific al., 1991 veterans diagnosed with region in Vietnam, extended service in Vietnam NHL in VA hospitals, 1969–1985 123 continued Read the entire page →
From page 124... ... TABLE B-1 Continued 124 Sources of Reference Design Description Exposure Data Exposure Measures Eisen et al., Cohort Health status of Mail survey or Southeast Asia service 1991 monozygotic twin telephone pairs who served in interviews the military during the Vietnam era Thomas et Cohort Mortality in women Military records Vietnam service al., 1991 Vietnam veterans and Vietnam-era veterans deceased 1973–1987 Watanabe Retrospective Follow-up through 1984 Military records Army or Marine Corps service in Vietnam between July 4, et al., cohort of mortality study by 1965, and March 1, 1973 1991 Breslin et al., 1988 Bullman et Case-control Testicular cancer cases Military records Branch of service, type of duty, corps area, and location of al., 1994 and controls identified individual's unit in relation to recorded Agent Orange from VA Agent Orange spray tracks Registry Dalager Cohort Mortality study of women Military records Vietnam service et al., Vietnam veterans and 1995a Vietnam-era veterans who died 1965–1992 Update of Thomas et al., 1991 Read the entire page →
From page 125... ... Dalager Case-control Vietnam and Vietnam-era Military records Branch of service, combat role, service within a specific et al., veterans diagnosed with region in Vietnam, extended service in Vietnam 1995b Hodgkin's disease in VA hospitals, 1969–1985 Watanabe Cohort Mortality study of U.S. Military records Vietnam service and Marine Vietnam and Kang, Vietnam-era veterans 1995 Extension of Breslin et al., 1988, and Watanabe et al., 1991 Watanabe Cohort Mortality study of Army Military records Vietnam service and and Marine Corps Kang, Vietnam and Vietnam 1996 era veterans who died 1965–1988 Mahan et Case-control Lung cancer cases among Military records Vietnam service al., 1997 Vietnam-era veterans Location of service member's unit in relation to areas sprayed with herbicides and time elapsed since spraying McKinney Cross- Smoking patterns 1987 National Vietnam service et al., sectional among veterans and Medical 1997 non-veterans Expenditure Survey Kang et al., Cohort Self-reported pregnancy Military records Vietnam service 2000a outcomes for women Structured telephone Vietnam and Vietnam- interview era veterans 125 continued Read the entire page →
From page 126... ... TABLE B-1 Continued 126 Sources of Reference Design Description Exposure Data Exposure Measures Kang et al., Cohort Gynecologic cancers among Military records Vietnam service 2000b women Vietnam and Structured telephone Vietnam-era veterans interview State Studies Greenwald Case-control STS cases from New York Interview of study Self- or proxy report of Vietnam service, exposure to Agent et al., State Cancer Registry, subjects or next Orange 1984 diagnosed 1962–1980; of kin population controls Newell, Cross- Pilot analyses of Military records Exposure to herbicides based on the amount of herbicide 1984 sectional cytogenetics, sperm Questionnaire sprayed in the area where the individual served during evaluation, and immune period of service response in Vietnam Reported presence of chloracne veterans from Texas Kogan and Cohort Mortality study of List of Massachusetts Vietnam service Clapp, Massachusetts Vietnam veterans who 1985 and Vietnam-era served between veterans, deceased 1958 and 1973 1972–1983 and received a bonus Lawrence et Cohort Mortality study of veterans Military records Vietnam service al., 1985 discharged from (Vietnam service service 1971–1973 and indicators in deceased in New York DMDC roster) through 1980 Read the entire page →
From page 127... ... Rellahan, Cohort Survey of residents of Oahu, Questionnaire Vietnam service 1985 Hawaii, with Vietnam era military service Wendt, Descriptive Survey of Iowa Vietnam Iowa Department of Self-reported spraying or handling of Agent Orange, or 1985 and Vietnam-era Veterans Affairs passing through a sprayed area veterans records Questionnaire Anderson et Cohort Mortality study of Military records Vietnam service al., 1986 Wisconsin Vietnam veterans, Vietnam era veterans, and non-veterans Goun and Case-control Mortality from STS, NHL, Federal military Vietnam service Kuller, and other cancers among records 1986 Pennsylvania male Commonwealth Vietnam veterans of Pennsylvania Department of Military Affairs records Holmes et Cohort Mortality study of West List of recipients Vietnam service al., 1986 Virginia Vietnam of West Virginia veterans Vietnam-era service bonus 127 continued Read the entire page →
From page 128... ... Army ESG Kogan and Cohort Mortality study of List of Massachusetts Vietnam service Clapp, Massachusetts Vietnam veterans who 1988 and Vietnam-era served between veterans, deceased 1958 and 1973 1972–1983; focus on and received a cancer mortality bonus Levy, 1988 Cross- PTSD in those with Telephone interview Current diagnosis of chloracne sectional chloracne among a Medical examination subset of Massachusetts Vietnam bonus recipients Read the entire page →
From page 129... ... et al., Michigan Vietnam and 1995 Vietnam-era veterans Clapp, Case-control Cancer cases from List of Massachusetts Vietnam service 1997 Massachusetts Cancer veterans who Registry, diagnosed served between 1982–1993 1958 and 1973 Update of Clapp et al., and received a 1991 bonus 129 continued Read the entire page →
From page 130... ... TABLE B-1 Continued 130 Sources of Reference Design Description Exposure Data Exposure Measures American Legion Studies Snow et al., Cohort Health and reproductive Questionnaire Scale of combat intensity based on self-report 1988 outcomes among American Legion members who served in Vietnam, examining combat and herbicide exposures Stellman Cohort Social and behavioral Questionnaire Separate exposure opportunity indexes for Agent Orange et al., outcomes among and for all herbicides, based on 1986 proximity model 1988a American Legion using HERBS and Services HERBS tapes and point members who served locations for centers of major troop activity in Vietnam, examining combat and herbicide exposures Stellman Cohort Health and reproductive Questionnaire Separate exposure opportunity indexes for Agent Orange et al., outcomes among and for all herbicides, based on 1986 proximity model 1988b American Legion using HERBS and Services HERBS tapes and point members who served locations for centers of major troop activity in Vietnam, examining combat and herbicide exposures Read the entire page →
From page 131... ... CDC, Centers for Disease Control and P revention; DMDC, Defense Manpower Data Center; EOI, exposure opportunity index; ESG, U.S. Army and Joint Services Environmental Support Group; NHL, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; PTSD, posttraumatic stress disorder; STS, soft-tissue sarcoma; TCDD, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. Read the entire page →
From page 132... ... 1991. Posttraumatic stress disorder among Vietnam veterans on the Agent Orange Registry: A case-control analysis. Read the entire page →
From page 133... ... 1986. Final report: A case control study on the association of soft tissue sarcomas, non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, and other selected cancers and Vietnam military service in Pennsylvania males. Read the entire page →
From page 134... ... 1988. Dioxins and dibenzofurans in blood and adipose tissue of Agent Orange-exposed Vietnam veterans and matched controls. Read the entire page →
From page 135... ... 1985. Iowa Agent Orange survey of Vietnam veterans. Read the entire page →

From page 119...

... Appendix B Exposure Measures in Studies of U.S. Vietnam Veterans 119

Read the entire page →

From page 120...

... review of military records Self-reports of Agent Orange exposure Boyle et al., Retrospective CDC Vietnam Experience Military records Army service in Vietnam between 1965 and 1971 1987; cohort Study: Mortality in CDC, Vietnam and Vietnam 1987 era veterans CDC, 1988 Cohort CDC Vietnam Experience Military records Army service in Vietnam between 1965 and 1971 a,b,c, Study: Psychosocial, Telephone interview Self-reported exposures 1989 physical health, and reproductive outcomes CDC, Cohort pilot CDC Agent Orange Military records Five scores based on military records; two scores based on 1988d Validation Study Self-report through information from self-report Army Vietnam veterans and structured The scoring methods based on information from military Vietnam-era controls interview records reflected different assumptions about TCDD half-life and about completeness of data on troop and herbicide spray locations

Read the entire page →

From page 121...

... STS, nasal carcinoma, review of military Considered branch of service, unit, location in Vietnam, nasopharyngeal records job duties, tour of duty, rank, perceived exposure to carcinoma, liver cancer Classification of unit herbicides mission by U.S. Non-Vietnam occupational exposure to phenoxy herbicides Army ESG O'Brien et Cohort NHL cases identified within Military records Vietnam service, noting region of service and military al., 1991 Vietnam Experience Interview occupation Study cohort Decouflé et Cohort Vietnam Experience Study Military records Herbicide exposure index reflecting four categories of al., 1992 Relationship of self- Telephone increasing intensity of exposure based on self-report reported health to questionnaire self-reported exposure to herbicides and combat among Army veterans Boehmer et Cohort Mortality update of Military records Entered military service 1965–1971, at least one tour of al., 2004 Vietnam Experience Army service in Vietnam Study cohort 121 continued

Read the entire page →

From page 122...

... TABLE B-1 Continued 122 Sources of Reference Design Description Exposure Data Exposure Measures Department of Veterans Affairs Studies Kang et al., Case-control Hospital-based study of Military records Vietnam service 1986 Vietnam and Vietnam era veterans diagnosed with STS, 1969–1983 Burt et al., Retrospective NHL mortality among Military records Service as a member of Army or Marine Corps in Vietnam 1987 cohort Vietnam and Vietnam- between July 4, 1965, and March 1, 1973 era Army and Marine Corps veterans Kang et al., Case-control STS cases diagnosed at Military records Vietnam service in Army or Marine Corps, combat-related 1987 Armed Forces Institute Telephone interview military occupation, and broad geographic location of of Pathology (1975– individual's unit at time of service 1980) ; controls from patient logs of referring pathologists Breslin et Retrospective Mortality among Vietnam Military records Service as a member of Army or Marine Corps in Vietnam al., 1988 cohort and Vietnam-era Army between July 4, 1965, and March 1, 1973 and Marine Corps veterans True et al., Cross- Military service in Vietnam Questionnaire Exposure to combat in Vietnam 1988 sectional and subsequent posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms

Read the entire page →

From page 123...

... Bullman et Cohort Mortality in Army Vietnam Military records Service in Military Region I al., 1990 and Vietnam-era veterans who served in Military Region I Farberow et Case-control Suicide and motor vehicle Military records Vietnam service, combat-related military occupation based al., 1990 deaths in Los Angeles Medical examiner's on military records; aspects of military experience based County among Vietnam records on next-of-kin report and Vietnam-era Army Next-of-kin and Marine Corps interviews veterans Goldberg et Cohort Posttraumatic stress Military records Southeast Asia service al., 1990 disorder among Questionnaire monozygotic twin pairs serving in the military during the Vietnam era Bullman et Case-control Combat and other Military records Vietnam service in a combat-related military occupation, al., 1991 service experience in having been wounded in Vietnam, having been awarded posttraumatic stress medals for combat-related Vietnam service disorder cases and controls selected from the VA Agent Orange Registry Dalager et Case-control Vietnam and Vietnam-era Military records Branch of service, combat role, service within a specific al., 1991 veterans diagnosed with region in Vietnam, extended service in Vietnam NHL in VA hospitals, 1969–1985 123 continued

Read the entire page →

From page 124...

... TABLE B-1 Continued 124 Sources of Reference Design Description Exposure Data Exposure Measures Eisen et al., Cohort Health status of Mail survey or Southeast Asia service 1991 monozygotic twin telephone pairs who served in interviews the military during the Vietnam era Thomas et Cohort Mortality in women Military records Vietnam service al., 1991 Vietnam veterans and Vietnam-era veterans deceased 1973–1987 Watanabe Retrospective Follow-up through 1984 Military records Army or Marine Corps service in Vietnam between July 4, et al., cohort of mortality study by 1965, and March 1, 1973 1991 Breslin et al., 1988 Bullman et Case-control Testicular cancer cases Military records Branch of service, type of duty, corps area, and location of al., 1994 and controls identified individual's unit in relation to recorded Agent Orange from VA Agent Orange spray tracks Registry Dalager Cohort Mortality study of women Military records Vietnam service et al., Vietnam veterans and 1995a Vietnam-era veterans who died 1965–1992 Update of Thomas et al., 1991

Read the entire page →

From page 125...

... Dalager Case-control Vietnam and Vietnam-era Military records Branch of service, combat role, service within a specific et al., veterans diagnosed with region in Vietnam, extended service in Vietnam 1995b Hodgkin's disease in VA hospitals, 1969–1985 Watanabe Cohort Mortality study of U.S. Military records Vietnam service and Marine Vietnam and Kang, Vietnam-era veterans 1995 Extension of Breslin et al., 1988, and Watanabe et al., 1991 Watanabe Cohort Mortality study of Army Military records Vietnam service and and Marine Corps Kang, Vietnam and Vietnam 1996 era veterans who died 1965–1988 Mahan et Case-control Lung cancer cases among Military records Vietnam service al., 1997 Vietnam-era veterans Location of service member's unit in relation to areas sprayed with herbicides and time elapsed since spraying McKinney Cross- Smoking patterns 1987 National Vietnam service et al., sectional among veterans and Medical 1997 non-veterans Expenditure Survey Kang et al., Cohort Self-reported pregnancy Military records Vietnam service 2000a outcomes for women Structured telephone Vietnam and Vietnam- interview era veterans 125 continued

Read the entire page →

From page 126...

... TABLE B-1 Continued 126 Sources of Reference Design Description Exposure Data Exposure Measures Kang et al., Cohort Gynecologic cancers among Military records Vietnam service 2000b women Vietnam and Structured telephone Vietnam-era veterans interview State Studies Greenwald Case-control STS cases from New York Interview of study Self- or proxy report of Vietnam service, exposure to Agent et al., State Cancer Registry, subjects or next Orange 1984 diagnosed 1962–1980; of kin population controls Newell, Cross- Pilot analyses of Military records Exposure to herbicides based on the amount of herbicide 1984 sectional cytogenetics, sperm Questionnaire sprayed in the area where the individual served during evaluation, and immune period of service response in Vietnam Reported presence of chloracne veterans from Texas Kogan and Cohort Mortality study of List of Massachusetts Vietnam service Clapp, Massachusetts Vietnam veterans who 1985 and Vietnam-era served between veterans, deceased 1958 and 1973 1972–1983 and received a bonus Lawrence et Cohort Mortality study of veterans Military records Vietnam service al., 1985 discharged from (Vietnam service service 1971–1973 and indicators in deceased in New York DMDC roster) through 1980

Read the entire page →

From page 127...

... Rellahan, Cohort Survey of residents of Oahu, Questionnaire Vietnam service 1985 Hawaii, with Vietnam era military service Wendt, Descriptive Survey of Iowa Vietnam Iowa Department of Self-reported spraying or handling of Agent Orange, or 1985 and Vietnam-era Veterans Affairs passing through a sprayed area veterans records Questionnaire Anderson et Cohort Mortality study of Military records Vietnam service al., 1986 Wisconsin Vietnam veterans, Vietnam era veterans, and non-veterans Goun and Case-control Mortality from STS, NHL, Federal military Vietnam service Kuller, and other cancers among records 1986 Pennsylvania male Commonwealth Vietnam veterans of Pennsylvania Department of Military Affairs records Holmes et Cohort Mortality study of West List of recipients Vietnam service al., 1986 Virginia Vietnam of West Virginia veterans Vietnam-era service bonus 127 continued

Read the entire page →

From page 128...

... Army ESG Kogan and Cohort Mortality study of List of Massachusetts Vietnam service Clapp, Massachusetts Vietnam veterans who 1988 and Vietnam-era served between veterans, deceased 1958 and 1973 1972–1983; focus on and received a cancer mortality bonus Levy, 1988 Cross- PTSD in those with Telephone interview Current diagnosis of chloracne sectional chloracne among a Medical examination subset of Massachusetts Vietnam bonus recipients

Read the entire page →

From page 129...

... et al., Michigan Vietnam and 1995 Vietnam-era veterans Clapp, Case-control Cancer cases from List of Massachusetts Vietnam service 1997 Massachusetts Cancer veterans who Registry, diagnosed served between 1982–1993 1958 and 1973 Update of Clapp et al., and received a 1991 bonus 129 continued

Read the entire page →

From page 130...

... TABLE B-1 Continued 130 Sources of Reference Design Description Exposure Data Exposure Measures American Legion Studies Snow et al., Cohort Health and reproductive Questionnaire Scale of combat intensity based on self-report 1988 outcomes among American Legion members who served in Vietnam, examining combat and herbicide exposures Stellman Cohort Social and behavioral Questionnaire Separate exposure opportunity indexes for Agent Orange et al., outcomes among and for all herbicides, based on 1986 proximity model 1988a American Legion using HERBS and Services HERBS tapes and point members who served locations for centers of major troop activity in Vietnam, examining combat and herbicide exposures Stellman Cohort Health and reproductive Questionnaire Separate exposure opportunity indexes for Agent Orange et al., outcomes among and for all herbicides, based on 1986 proximity model 1988b American Legion using HERBS and Services HERBS tapes and point members who served locations for centers of major troop activity in Vietnam, examining combat and herbicide exposures

Read the entire page →

From page 131...

... CDC, Centers for Disease Control and P revention; DMDC, Defense Manpower Data Center; EOI, exposure opportunity index; ESG, U.S. Army and Joint Services Environmental Support Group; NHL, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; PTSD, posttraumatic stress disorder; STS, soft-tissue sarcoma; TCDD, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin.

Read the entire page →

From page 132...

... 1991. Posttraumatic stress disorder among Vietnam veterans on the Agent Orange Registry: A case-control analysis.

Read the entire page →

From page 133...

... 1986. Final report: A case control study on the association of soft tissue sarcomas, non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, and other selected cancers and Vietnam military service in Pennsylvania males.

Read the entire page →

From page 134...

... 1988. Dioxins and dibenzofurans in blood and adipose tissue of Agent Orange-exposed Vietnam veterans and matched controls.

Read the entire page →

From page 135...

... 1985. Iowa Agent Orange survey of Vietnam veterans.

Read the entire page →

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Appendix B: Exposure Measures in Studies of U.S. Vietnam Veterans Pages 119-135

Appendix B: Exposure Measures in Studies of U.S. Vietnam Veterans
Pages 119-135