Integrating Multiscale Observations of U.S. Waters (2008) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 62-77
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From page 62... ...
One example of a research project that has advanced the communication and realtime management of distributed, heterogeneous data streams from sensor networks in the San Diego region through the confluence of several cyberinfrastructure technologies is ROADNet (Real-time Observatories, Applications and Data management Networks; https://roadnet.ucsd.edu; Woodhouse and Hansen, 2003; Vernon et al., 2003)
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From page 64... ...
Examples of Applications A detailed development of cyberinfrastructure needs is beyond the scope of this report. Here, to illustrate some of the abovementioned issues in context, we highlight three recent and relevant advances in environmental infrastructure: a "cyberdashboard" for the current EarthScope USArray real time infrastructure, a community observations data model and corresponding suite of web services for hydrologic applications, and a specific application to flash flood emergency management.
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GIS tools for sensor networks PREPUBLICATION COPY
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A review of online data systems PREPUBLICATION COPY
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However, once a user has found what data are available and wants to do analysis it is generally more efficient to discontinue using the browser PREPUBLICATION COPY
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An approach to flash flood warning that has gained acceptance and is used in operations is to produce estimates of the amount of precipitation of a given duration that is just enough to cause minor flooding in small streams over a large area. These flash flood guidance estimates are then compared to corresponding nowcasts or short-term forecasts of spatially-distributed precipitation derived from remote and on-site sensor data and numerical weather prediction models to delineate areas PREPUBLICATION COPY
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From page 69... ...
or/and taking steps for emergency management. The World Wide Web offers a very effective primary means for communicating and interacting with spatially distributed flash flood guidance estimates and associated precipitation data through client-server arrangements between the regional center and the local forecast and emergency management agencies.
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Fruitful areas for improvement are: the reduction in the latency of microwave satellite rainfall data for use in the production of flash flood warnings; the deployment of low cost and maintenance sensors for PREPUBLICATION COPY
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INTRODUCTION TO THE CASE STUDIES "Monitoring the Hydrology of the Everglades in South Florida" provides an excellent example of a large, complex integrated observatory designed for pressing water management needs in an ecologically sensitive area. This case study describes how the South Florida Water Management District together with the U.S.
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"Impacts of Agriculture on Water Resources: Tradeoffs between Water Quantity and Quality in the Southern High Plains" addresses the impacts of agriculture on water resources, with a focus on semiarid regions where water availability is a critical issue and where cycling of salts has large scale impacts on water quality. This type of study is particularly important given that world food needs will continue to increase, that many nations are turning to biofuels, and that climate change may worsen drought in many parts of the world.
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The critical issue is the need for high spatio-temporal resolution due to: sharp wet-dry seasonal transitions; complex topographic and landscape patterns; steep gradients in temperature and precipitation with elevation; high interannual variability. Given the need for high spatio-temporal resolution data, this study illustrates the need for developing and taking advantage of emerging embedded sensor network technologies, coupled with already existing monitoring and modeling strategies.
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To restore and maintain the vitality of these ecosystems as well as to enhance the reliability and quantity and quality of water supplies, and provide flood protection, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the South Florida Water Management District and numerous other federal, state, local and tribal partners involved in PREPUBLICATION COPY
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Considerable sums of money have been spent in establishing an elaborate hydrologic, meteorological, and water quality monitoring system throughout the PREPUBLICATION COPY
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The South Florida Water Management District The South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD or the District) is the primary agency responsible for monitoring, managing and protecting water resources in a 46,439-square kilometer (17,930-square mile)
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