Bioinspired Chemistry for Energy A Workshop Summary to the Chemical Sciences Roundtable (2008) / Chapter Skim
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4 Robust Implementation of Bioinspired Chemistry for Energy
4 Robust Implementation of Bioinspired Chemistry for Energy
Pages 25-30
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From page 25... ...
Moore compared the technological branch of solar energy Moore also compared water splitting by photosynthetic conversion, essentially photovoltaics, with the biological systems with a human engineered system consisting of three branch. He explained how a standard fuel cell that operates PV cells operating in series driving a commercially available on oxygen and hydrogen produces water and electromotive electrolyzer (Figure 4.2)
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From page 26... ...
SOURCE: Presented by Thomas Moore, Arizona State University. 4-1.eps includes 3 bitmap images sized for oblong to preserve definition on that smallest bitmap Photosynthesis Silicon Photovoltaic λ threshold = 680 nm λ threshold = 1100 nm 2NADPH 2H2 - - Pt Si Si 4H+ 2NADP+ + + cyt PSI PSII Si + 2H2O O2 + 4H+ 2H2O O2 + 4H+ 2 photons / e 3 photons / e AM 1.5 Solar 280 nm to 680 nm AM1.5 Solar 280 nm to 1100 nm = 1.19 x 1017 photons/sec/cm2 = 2.71 x 1017 photons/sec/cm2 Assume 100% LHE and QY Assume 100% LHE and QY therefore 5.95 x 1016 e-/sec/cm2 therefore 9 x 1016 e-/sec/cm2 = 9.5 mA/cm2 = 14.5 mA/cm2 With leftover λ = 700 to 1100 nm photons Figure 4.2 Comparison of photosynthesis and a silicon-based photovoltaic system.
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From page 27... ...
The parameters State University have been putting hydrogenase enzymes necessary to achieve this goal are a seven percent power on a carbon electrode to successfully produce hydrogen. conversion efficiency for photosynthesis, 40 percent con- Hydrogenase enzymes use only iron and nickel metals to version efficiency of biomass to fuel, 50 percent conversion carry out the catalytic process.
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From page 28... ...
. She explained how they convert • It is important to consider pH, temperature, and chemical energy into electrical energy by separating the pressure since conventional fuel cells use catalysts that funcoxidation and reduction reactions into two separate cham tion at very low pH and high temperatures.
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From page 29... ...
Next, chusetts, Amherst, is looking at doing electrochemistry in Emptage discussed the by-products of producing ethanol: ocean or bay sediments. New organisms are being discovered The lignin and biomass that result from separating out ethathrough their research and the use of a microbial fuel cell nol can be used as fuel for the entire facility, and the glucose in which carbohydrates are taken to carbon dioxide using can be used for products other than fuel.
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From page 30... ...
and productivity than yeast and has the potential to be a better Charles Dismukes of Princeton asked Mark Emptage organism than yeast. Emptage announced a collaboration how DuPont plans on solving the two major problems that between DuPont and POET, the largest dry-grind producer of he said need to be addressed: costs for removal of the ethaethanol in the United States with over a billion-gallon ethanol nol distillation and acetic acid inhibition.
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