The Future of Human Healthspan Demography, Evolution, Medicine, and Bioengineering: Task Group Summaries (2008) / Chapter Skim
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Effects of Exercise on Human Healthspan
Effects of Exercise on Human Healthspan
Pages 29-40
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From page 29... ...
Given the aging populations, there is an increasing interest in lifestyle factors and interventions that will enhance the cognitive and physical vitality of older adults and reduce the risk for age-related neurological and functional disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and hip fractures. But the knowledge concerning the applicability and the effect of moderateto high-intensity exercise programs is very limited for older people with or without apparent cognitive and physical impairments.
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From page 30... ...
• Given that physical activity is an inexpensive treatment that could have substantial preventive and restorative benefits for cognitive and brain function, how can such interventions be studied and how can they be implemented on a population-based scale? • How will technology (e.g., novel equipment, improved environment)
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From page 31... ...
:1082-1086. Task Group Members • Albert Banes, North Carolina State University • Bambi Brewer, University of Pittsburgh • Nadeen Chahine, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory • Nandini Deshpande, University of Kansas Medical Center • Stephen Intille, Massachusetts Institute of Technology • Robert Jaeger, National Science Foundation • Richard Macko, University of Maryland School of Medicine • Charlotte A
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From page 32... ...
For stroke victims there is evidence that a physician's recommendation affects patient efficacy, Macko told his colleagues in the group. The exercise prescription could positively alter the health care of patients with chronic diseases, such as diabetes and hypertension.
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From page 33... ...
The group largely agreed that technology use could encourage exercise activities and that business could play a role in supporting research initiatives. Group members would like for the societal model to be linked with the medical model and a socioeconomic model also explored (see Figure 1 for an illustration of this grand integration challenge)
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From page 34... ...
The Nintendo Wii home video gaming system, in which users physically swing the controller, and Dance Dance Revolution arcade game, in which users hop from square to square, were cited as appealing means of technology that encourage physical activity but at the same time are popular and widely used. The group considered what other sort of technologies could be used in a similar fashion to tap into the public's competitive nature and love of games.
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From page 35... ...
A large part of the discussion centered on social science issues, such as how to motivate people to act, how to disseminate information and campaigns to the public, and the importance of moving efforts out of the lab and into the community. Group consensus was that moving beyond RCTs (randomized controlled trials)
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From page 36... ...
36 the future of human healTHspan FIGURE 3 Exercise. FIGURE 4 Perfect story (+ sedentarism)
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From page 37... ...
effects of exercise on human healthspan 37 FIGURE 5 Research challenge: Fill compliance void. FIGURE 6 Research challenge: Get compliance/offset pain.
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From page 38... ...
Some other problems the task group identified include: • Getting longitudinal, community-based studies funded; • There are not enough good measurements of the efficacy of exercise; • The secondary conditions that affect exercise among the disabled community, including pain, fatigue, depression, and social isolation; • A deficit in existing technology to effectively monitor various exercise functions; • Existing care of chronic diseases, which are a big expense in the health care system and a top cause of death; • A knowledge gap between scientists and the public, and desensitization of the public to recommendations due to inconclusive evidence that leads to recommendation changes; and • The existing government recommendations for daily activity are difficult for many Americans to interpret (What is "moderate intensity" or "brisk walking"?
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From page 39... ...
9. Biosensors: muscle tonicity, biochemical or gene response with exercise, cellular response to exercise, blood flow, electrophysiological measure, heat/energy, calories burned, wattage, fat loss, improve insulin sensitivity.
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