Innovative Flanders Innovation Policies for the 21st Century: Report of a Symposium (2008) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
Session II: Perspectives on the U.S. Innovation System
Session II: Perspectives on the U.S. Innovation System
Pages 46-57
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 46... ...
She began with the following definition of innovation: "Innovation is a strategy that provides resources to talented people in an a tmosphere which promotes creativity and is focused on outcomes ranging from new products, to customer satisfaction, to new scientific insights, to improved processes, to improved social programs.
|
From page 47... ...
Each nation needs a strong educational system and a motivated workforce with diverse skills and interests, as well as a dedication to lifelong learning. Emerging technological powers were creating cadres of technical professionals "capable of inventing the next game-changing technological wave and exploiting the current knowledge base, wherever it exists." Investment.
|
From page 48... ...
For the public community colleges, which must educate many first-generation Americans, challenges exist, including teaching at a level adequate to allow students to move to 4-year science, math, and engineering curricula. For the public universities, state funding has declined and the schools have difficulty financing lower-income students.
|
From page 49... ...
Unfavorable Trends in Spending on Science A substantial amount of non-defense spending goes to space research, a "tiny" amount to energy, and a small amount to natural resources and environ ment. The general science category, aside from health spending, received little fiscal attention over time.
|
From page 50... ...
The State of Florida, for example, had recruited the Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, the Scripps Research Institute, and the Burnham Institute, promising them a total of about $1 billion in money, land, and other incentives. Other localities providing incentives to boost innovation in their own regions include: • In Ohio, the Columbus 315 Research and Technology Corridor is a 10,000-acre development to be patterned after Research Triangle Park in North Carolina.
|
From page 51... ...
04 PROC Fig declined,11 as VC firms sought companies at more advanced stages that were likely to be less risky than startups. Without much federal support, she said, seed funding would have to come primarily from angels and state funds.
|
From page 52... ...
The private sector created and supported technical innovations through a combination of venture capital, large corporate research laboratories, and the activities of startup firms. Schools of engineering and medicine provided sources of spin-outs and applied generally balanced policies of IP protection.
|
From page 53... ...
The activity of venture capital firms rose rapidly in the 1990s and then fell just as quickly. The globalization of R&D, which no one had foreseen, gave the global innovation system a newly dispersed structure.
|
From page 54... ...
• Forms dynamic partnerships, and makes acquisitions aggressively. • Makes use of networked and open innovation.
|
From page 55... ...
He found "disturbing" the long-term decline of federal investments in engineering sciences at universities which, combined with the lack of attractiveness of engineering for the American native population and the restrictions of immigration policy, "may cause severe problems. We may need an ‘innovation shock'," he said, "as we had from Sputnik." The Importance of Small Advances Professor Soete commented that he could imagine a future of continuous technological expansion based on old technologies, as in the field of medical diagnostics, where the research is "independent, individualized.
|
From page 56... ...
The Complex Route to More Jobs Professor Soete agreed that Europe urgently needed structural economic changes before it could expect better employment and living conditions. He granted that more technical training would play a small role in this.
|
From page 57... ...
He attributed employment imbalances to general mismanagement of labor markets, the failure to open up more markets, and slow progress in using new technical knowledge to generate employment. Europe did not need a policy that puts "everybody into the labor market, no matter what they do," but "a much more strategic policy of increasing the knowledge intensity of economic activity." Dr.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.