Review of the Research Program of the FreedomCAR and Fuel Partnership Second Report (2008) / Chapter Skim
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2 Major Crosscutting Issues
2 Major Crosscutting Issues
Pages 27-47
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From page 27... ...
auto companies, and five petroleum companies. The individual technical teams work primarily at the vehicle component level and on the production, distribution, and delivery of hydrogen.
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1 RCF Agent-Based Model1 Completed Models NEMS Models MARKAL Under Development HyDive1 Planned Models FIGURE 2-1 Models and analysis type matrix. DTI, Directed Technologies, Inc.; EEA, Energy & Environmental Analysis, Inc.; GREET, Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emissions 2-1.eps and Energy Use in Transportation; HyDive, Hydrogen Dynamic Infrastructure and Vehicle suggest change contrast Evolution; HyDRA, Hydrogen Demand and Resource Analysis; HyDS, Hydrogen Deployment System; HyTrans, Hydrogen Transition; H2A, Hydrogen Technology Analysis; MARKAL, Market Analysis; NEMS, National Energy Modeling System; NREL, National Renewable Energy Laboratory; PSAT, Powertrain Systems Analysis Toolkit.
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program and its Hydrogen, Fuel Cells and Infrastructure Technologies (HFCIT) program, which have unique as well as shared responsibilities for various program activities that support Partnership goals (see Appendix A for the EERE organization chart)
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To date, this capability has lagged the overall technical program development and has been underutilized -- that is, used for the most part only when requested by the various technical teams. There is no lack of technical review of the individual program elements, but what is missing is analysis of their quantitative impact on the overall goals of reducing petroleum use and air pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions.
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This type of major component and overall technical and cost analysis needs to be better integrated with the activities of the various technical teams to assess progress, review targets and goals, evaluate trade-offs, set priorities, and provide the information for go/no-go decisions. As noted in the preceding recommendation, independent review and validation of models is critical to the credibility of the conclusions derived from them.
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transportation system is facing -- energy security and reducing greenhouse gas emissions -- will require a wide range of new and improved propulsion system and vehicle technologies and new fuels. This future mix may well include fuel cells with hydrogen as a major energy carrier.
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In order for the fuel cell vehicle to meet the goal of a 300-mile range, vehicle structural weight must be reduced by 50 percent (see discussion in Chapter 3, section Structural Materials) . The same vehicle structural weight must be assumed when comparing the cost or performance of PHEVs and fuel cell vehicles.
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The committee commends DOE for requesting increased support for the Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES) program and for including the program in its Annual Hydrogen Merit Review in 2007.
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Recommendation. DOE should utilize its modeling capability to assess the impact of market interventions on both the technical goals of the FreedomCAR and Fuel Partnership, and their overall potential impact, and use these assessments to inform the R&D planning process. Recommendation. The Partnership should evaluate the potential for analyzing and predicting market responses to the vehicle technologies and fuels that
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In FY07, SCS received a large increase, to $13.8 million. The codes and standards portion is planned and overseen by the Partnership's codes and standards technical team (see Figure 1-1)
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However, the overall safety aspects are still important, and this gap must be filled by DOE, which should assign an organization to head this assignment. The assignment could be viewed as an extension of the existing quantitative risk analysis task, which is currently focused on filling stations and should be adequately funded and extended.
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DOT milestones and its program should be integrated into the milestones and roadmap of the codes and standards technical team. When developing milestones, it is important to consider that developing and finalizing new federal regulations takes 7-10 years (or even longer)
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From page 39... ...
Since such batteries would benefit the performance of HEVs, PHEVs, and pure EVs as well as hydrogen/fuel cell hybrids, it is important to pay even more attention to battery safety issues, including subsystem- and system-level approaches to protection. The creation of two databases, one on incidents involving hydrogen and one for a hydrogen bibliography, will be useful in promoting safety.
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Four large demonstrations involving the automotive and energy companies are conducted under the technical validation part of the Partnership. For proprietary reasons, the safety plans for these demonstrations are confidential.
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Recommendation. The codes and standards technical team should extend the planning horizon in its plan to 2015, integrate the DOT milestones into its own milestones and roadmap, and make the safety and codes and standards milestones consistent with funding levels and progress to date. Recommendation. DOE should establish a program to collect and analyze failure data and field experience including data from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration on compressed natural gas (CNG)
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DOE management needs to systematically evaluate the information being generated by each project to determine when the project should be terminated based on its relevance and on the value of the information. On the other hand, DOE management should not prematurely drop support for the overall technical validation and learning demonstrations as their importance cannot be overemphasized.
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To achieve the rapid learning that the overall project requires, DOE should also keep the validation activities focused on their primary purpose -- the accumulation, analysis, and dissemination of experience from the field. Safety should be stressed throughout the learning demonstration program, because an accident early on could attract publicity out of proportion to its true consequences.
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The overall program is administered by the DOE's Office of Science (SC) . Much evidence in the form of case studies suggests that the SBIR program can indeed accelerate innovation in ways that serve the goals of the Partnership.
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Hydrogen, like electricity, is an energy carrier and must be produced using a primary energy source. As discussed in Chapter 4, a number of approaches and primary energy sources could be used to produce hydrogen to fuel vehicles: the reformation of natural gas; the gasification of coal; high-temperature nuclear heat from advanced reactors to drive thermochemical processes; the gasification of biomass; or electricity from the grid or renewable energy sources (such as wind or solar)
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2004. Global warming consequences of a future hydrogen economy.
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2005. Prospective Evaluation of Applied Energy Research and Development at DOE (Phase 1)
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