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Improving the Quality of Cancer Clinical Trials Workshop Summary (2008) / Chapter Skim
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Glossary
Pages 109-114

The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.


From page 109...
... Bias -- the systematic but unintentional erroneous association of some characteristics within a group in a way that distorts a comparison with another group. BRCA -- a gene that when mutated increases risk of developing breast cancer and/or ovarian cancer.
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From page 110...
... Its overproduction is often linked to a poorer prognosis because it enables cell proliferation, cell migration, and blood vessel development. Several new drugs recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration specifically target EGFR.
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From page 111...
... Mass spectrometry -- a method for separating ionized molecular particles according to mass by applying a combination of electrical and magnetic fields to deflect ions passing in a beam through the instrument. Microarray -- a high-throughput tool for biological assays in which many different probes (sometimes 10,000 or more)
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From page 112...
... -- a highly sensitive technique that uses radioactive probes to image in vivo tumors, receptors, enzymes, DNA replication, gene expression, antibodies, hormones, drugs, and other compounds and processes. Premarket approval -- a Food and Drug Administration approval process for a new test or device that enables it to be marketed for clinical use.
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From page 113...
... -- a Food and Drug Administration review process that enables a new test or device to be marketed for clinical use without undergoing the premarket approval process. To qualify for the 510(k)
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From page 114...
... One-dimensional electrophoresis, in contrast, has fewer moleculed ­ istinguishing capabilities, as it only separates molecules on the basis of their charge and size. Type 1 error -- In statistics, the error of the "false positive." In other words, concluding that a test result is positive when it is, in fact, negative is a Type 1 error.
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Key Terms

  • clinical trials
  • breast cancer
  • approval process
  • growth factor
  • factor receptor

  • standard treatment
  • clinical endpoint
  • epidermal growth
  • tissue sample
  • premarket approval

  • experimental drug
  • phase iii
  • results divided
  • cancer biomarker
  • study employed

  • adaptive trial
  • slow tumor
  • hormonal therapy
  • administration classification
  • dna replication

  • iii trials
  • regulatory sequences
  • preliminary efficacy
  • gel electrophoresis
  • false positives

  • process resulting
  • lung cancers
  • recently approved
  • cancer gene
  • subjects prior


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