Frontiers of Engineering Reports on Leading-Edge Engineering from the 2008 Symposium (2009) / Chapter Skim
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Driving Attention: Cognitive Engineering in Designing Attractions and Distractions--John D. Lee
Driving Attention: Cognitive Engineering in Designing Attractions and Distractions--John D. Lee
Pages 93-102
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From page 93... ...
People who provide health care, manage power plants, and control aircraft face similar multitasking demands, many of which are mediated by technology (Hollnagel et al., 2006; Moray, 1993; Vicente, 1999)
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From page 94... ...
Sensor, data fusion, and control technologies promise to improve driving safety by mitigating the distraction potential of infotainment devices. Increasingly, vehicles are being equipped with sensors that monitor surrounding vehicles to identify potential collisions, warn drivers, and even respond with emergency braking.
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From page 95... ...
DRIVING ATTENTION 95 FIGURE 1 The complementary capacities of technology and humans. When properly integrated, the combination is more effective than either of them alone.
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From page 96... ...
With feed-forward control, drivers and technology anticipate upcoming demands and direct attention accordingly. Feedback control directs attention according to the evolving demands of the situation.
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From page 97... ...
cascade effects in which the output of one level influences the control dynamics of another level; and (4) the output supports feedback control for a given level and adaptive control for other levels.
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From page 98... ...
of how drivers distribute their attention can complement a bottom-up, or data-driven, approach to estimating a driver's state based on real-time driving performance data. Bayesian networks and support vector machines are effective data-driven techniques for estimating distraction based on eye movements and steering behavior (Liang et al., 2007, in press)
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From page 99... ...
DRIVING ATTENTION 99 FIGURE 3 A theoretical approach to describing the dynamic distribution of attention between the roadway and an in-vehicle device.
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From page 100... ...
Drivers tend to reject or misuse imperfect technologies that automate driving rather than augmenting driver capabilities. Cognitive engineering methods can show the way to using technology to leverage human capabilities to improve the safety and performance of complex systems by enhancing self-awareness and the awareness of potentially distracting technology.
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From page 101... ...
Driver-assist emergency braking, for example, generally improves crash outcomes, but, in rare instances, can impede a driver's responses. • Practical concerns include how to draw meaning from large, complicated streams of sensor data in real time and from petabytes of accumulated data to provide feedback to operators and designers.
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From page 102... ...
In Human Factors of Visual and Cognitive Performance in Driving, edited by C Castro.
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