Future of the Nuclear Security Environment in 2015 Proceedings of a Russian-U.S. Workshop (2009) / Chapter Skim
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MATERIAL PROTECTION, CONTROL, AND ACCOUNTING:LESSONS LEARNED APPLIED TO UNITED STATES AND RUSSIAN NUCLEAR SECURITY COOPERATION IN 2015
MATERIAL PROTECTION, CONTROL, AND ACCOUNTING:LESSONS LEARNED APPLIED TO UNITED STATES AND RUSSIAN NUCLEAR SECURITY COOPERATION IN 2015
Pages 37-48
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From page 37... ...
Cooperative Threat Reduction Program and was funded by the Nuclear Threat Reduction Act of 1991, sponsored by Senators Sam Nunn and Richard Lugar.57 This legislation is now commonly known as the Nunn-Lugar Act. The goals of this program were to secure and eliminate nuclear materials and nuclear weapons and prevent proliferation of other potential weapons of mass destruction from the former Soviet Union.
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From page 38... ...
The objective for this new partnership should be to enable expansion of nuclear energy while enhancing nuclear safety and security worldwide. The lessons learned in the MPC&A program can be of significant value in shaping this future partnership.
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From page 39... ...
This facility is unique in that it was designed and constructed based entirely upon the needs of the upgraded sites in the Kola region, located in the far north of Russia.62 The KTTC supports the overall MPC&A strategic goal of assisting Russia in enhancing capabilities and commitments to operating and maintaining improved nuclear security. More specifically it supports the strategic objectives of fostering the development of regulatory institutions, regulations, procedures, and training centers, and determining the level of sustainability assistance required to transition full operations and maintenance of MPC&A 61 The Bob Stump National Defense Authorization Act of 2003 mandates that a sustainable materials protection, control, and accounting system be transferred to sole Russian Federation support no later than January 1, 2013.
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A Russian MOD-led Training Advisory Committee was established with the responsibility of conducting quality training evaluations, reviewing the Quality Evaluation Guidelines, defining additional training needs, developing training standards, prioritizing training activities, coordinating work with other MPC&A training programs, and assisting in the development of training plans for specific sites. Equipment maintenance and testing is another primary activity associated with the KTTC conduct of operations.
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From page 41... ...
Implementation of the KTTC training curricula and equipment testing and maintenance functions are being phased to ensure availability of core functions at the time of expansion to full functionality during the transition period. The KTTC will eventually assume full responsibility for sustainability of those sites within the Kola Region.65 A detailed transition plan was jointly developed.
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From page 42... ...
The MPC&A program has achieved the most success when key individuals are in positions long enough to develop productive working relationships based on joint goals and trust. This joint trust allows for cooperation to proceed at a progressively faster and bureaucratically easier pace.
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MPC&A cooperation was sanctioned under the "Agreement Between the United States and the Russian Federation Concerning the Safe and Secure Transportation, Storage, and Destruction of Weapons and the Prevention of Weapons Proliferation," of June 17, 1992. This is known as the "Umbrella Agreement." The Russian MOD and Rosatom and the DOD and DOE each negotiated implementing agreements under this umbrella agreement.
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From page 44... ...
• joint technology performance testing projects (tests of systems against capabilities of evolving threats, including cyber and other highly technical attack methods) • observation and evaluation of large-scale safety and security exercises • joint training and technical exchanges, both bilateral (Russia-U.S.)
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Topics for the pilot projects could include the following: o Joint technical exchanges with other weapons states hosted by the United States and Russia on nuclear weapons safety and security. This technical 45
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Russian leadership role in global nuclear security. o Joint program to support global implementation of United Nations Security Council Resolution 1540 and the Convention on the Physical Protection on Nuclear Material (CPPNM)
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From page 47... ...
In order to capitalize on the joint cooperative experience and expertise gained in the MPC&A program, a plan for a new partnership needs to be undertaken soon. The goals for this new partnership should include the following: • worldwide nuclear safety and security leadership • commitment to the safe, secure, and proliferation-resistant growth of nuclear energy • measures to combat terrorism, including the security of radioactive sources • science and technology collaboration to enable joint goals Specific programs under this new partnership need a solid legal framework, high-level commitment, identification of funding and personnel resources, solid project management, and initial pilot projects to be successful.
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