The Public Health Effects of Food Deserts Workshop Summary (2009) / Chapter Skim
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4 Diet and Health Evidence to Support Improved Food Access
4 Diet and Health Evidence to Support Improved Food Access
Pages 37-44
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From page 37... ...
The excess availability of energy-dense snacks and fast foods in food deserts is a concern because both have been linked to obesity, and current interventions have attempted to increase the availability of healthy foods to mitigate those effects in food deserts; thus, presentations in this session addressed the possible public health outcomes of increasing healthy food intake. The speakers in this session focused on evidence-based health consequences of these changes in terms of obesity, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases.
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From page 38... ...
Data from the Nurses Health Study indicate that greater intake of whole grain products was associated with reduced weight gain but provided little or no benefit for weight loss compared to consumption of refined grain products over the course of the 12-year study period (Liu et al., 2003)
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From page 39... ...
In a study in which participants consumed various foods in liquefied and whole form, total energy intake was higher over the course of a day with the beverage form. The consumption of energy-yielding beverages seems to lead to a lack of dietary compensation, positive energy balance, and weight gain, although he acknowledged some controversy about whether there are sufficient data to move forward in terms of policy.
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From page 40... ...
There is fairly consistent evidence that higher consumption of red and processed meats is associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer, although it may not be due to the saturated fat in those products. The study of carbohydrates has shifted from classification by their chemical structure to a focus on glycemic index and glycemic load.
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From page 41... ...
Soft Drinks Hu concurred with Mattes about the problems of soft drinks. In addi tion to weight gain, the Nurses Health Study and other research has shown an association between soft drink consumption and the risk of diabetes and CHD.
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From page 42... ...
The recommendation of the World Cancer Research Fund focuses on body weight and physical activity because these are more important than individual foods and nutrients in terms of cancer prevention. DISCUSSION: HEALTH CONSEQUENCES Wendy Johnson-Askew, of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases at the National Institutes of Health (NIH)
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From page 43... ...
Although sweetened soft drinks and fruit drinks are the largest source of refined carbohydrates and thus are a good target, the probability of a positive energy balance is likely to be as great from consuming milk, sports drinks, sugary gourmet teas and coffees, or fruit juice. The issue stems from the medium in which the energy is derived.
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From page 44... ...
Hu said reducing soft drinks and unhealthy snacks are two main problems to address in improving health.
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