Local Government Actions to Prevent Childhood Obesity (2009) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix D: Assessing the Evidence for Childhood Obesity Prevention Action Steps
Appendix D: Assessing the Evidence for Childhood Obesity Prevention Action Steps
Pages 103-110
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From page 103... ...
Finally, the recommended actions had to be ones that were likely to make positive contributions to the achievement of healthy eating and/or optimal physical activity based on research evidence or, where that was lacking or limited, have a logical connection with the achievement of healthier eating or increased p hysical activity. The committee considered three categories of evidence, realizing that some actions had multiple types of evidence: • Intervention evidence: A few of the actions have been tested in randomized intervention studies.
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From page 104... ...
An example would be the action step to "create incentive programs to attract supermarkets and grocery stores to underserved neigh borhoods." Although there is no direct research evidence on the impact of incentive programs to attract supermarkets and grocery stores to these neighborhoods, there is observational evidence (cited in the rationale for Strategy 1: Retail Outlets) that neighborhood residents who have better access to supermarkets tend to have healthier diets and lower levels of obesity.
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From page 105... ...
There is intervention and/or observational evidence for all of the action steps under this strategy except one: "Develop community-based activities that link procurement of affordable healthy food with improving skills in purchasing and preparing food." As with all of the steps with limited evidence, this categorization is a reflection of the lack of published research. Strategy 4: Ensure that publicly run entities such as after-school programs, child care facilities, recreation centers, and local government worksites implement policies and practices to promote healthy foods and beverages and reduce or eliminate the availability of calorie-dense, nutrient-poor foods.
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From page 106... ...
A recent study provides intervention evidence that supports the action steps under this strategy. The committee highlighted the action step: "Adopt building codes to require access to, and maintenance of, fresh drinking water fountains." The research showed an increase in water consumption and a reduction in risk of overweight in school children with the installation of water fountains in their building.
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From page 107... ...
Actions for Increasing Physical Activity GOAL 1: ENCOURAGE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY Strategy 1: Encourage walking and bicycling for transportation and recreation through improvements in the built environment. Most of the action steps under this strategy are supported by observational evidence, including the action step the committee highlighted under this strategy: "Plan, build, and maintain a network of sidewalks and street crossings that creates a safe and comfortable walking environment and that connects to schools, parks, and other destinations." Besides being supported by published research evidence, includ ing recommendations by CDC's Task Force on Community Preventive Services, this action step has the potential for reaching a large segment of the population.
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From page 108... ...
Strategy 4: Promote policies that build physical activity into daily routines. Overall, there is limited evidence for the action steps under this strategy, although there is observational evidence supporting the action step: "Develop worksite policies and practices that build physical activity into routines." The committee highlighted for special consideration the action step: "Institute regula tory policies mandating minimum play space, physical equipment, and duration of play in preschool, after-school, and child-care programs." This action step has limited evidence but there is observational evidence that the availability of play equipment increases physical activity in child care centers.
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From page 109... ...
Moreover, the CDC's Task Force on Community Preventive Services r ecommends behavioral interventions to reduce screen time. GOAL 3: RAISE AWARENESS OF THE IMPORTANCE OF INCREASING PHYSICAL ACTIVITY Strategy 6: Develop a social marketing program that emphasizes the multiple ben efits for children and families of sustained physical activity.
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