Approaches to Reducing the Use of Forced or Child Labor Summary of a Workshop on Assessing Practice (2009) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix E Definitions of Child and Forced Labor
Appendix E Definitions of Child and Forced Labor
Pages 84-90
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From page 84... ...
138 on child labor. "In 1998 the ILO adopted a Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work, committing ILO member nations to realize and achieve at the policy level the four basic rights as an obligation inherent in ILO membership, regardless of whether or not they have ratified conventions corresponding to those rights."3 Finally, in 1999, the ILO adopted Convention No.
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From page 85... ...
Two exceptions identify work which is permissible. First, the "Convention does not apply to work done by children and young persons in schools for general, vocational or technical education or in other training institutions, or to work done by persons at least 14 years of age in undertakings, where such work is carried out in accordance with conditions prescribed by the competent authority, after consultation with the organizations of employers and workers concerned, where such exist, and is an integral part of -- (a)
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From page 86... ...
minor communal services of a kind which, being performed by the members of the community in the direct interest of the said community, can therefore be considered as normal civic obligations incumbent upon the members of the community, provided that the members of the community or their 6 Declaration Relative to the Universal Abolition of the Slave Trade, 8 February 1815, Consolidated Treaty Series, Vol.
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From page 87... ...
as a means of racial, social, national or religious discrimination." A recent study by the National Research Council identified seven major categories of forced labor.9 These were: slavery and abductions, compulsory participation in public works projects, mandatory forced labor in remote areas, bonded labor, involuntary labor resulting from trafficking in persons, domestic workers in involuntary labor situations, and prison labor and rehabilitation through work.10 In addition, that report noted other situations, where forced labor might be said to occur. These include certain forms of requirements to work or forced overtime.
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From page 88... ...
For a strong critique of the definition of child labor, see for example: Silvia Sanna, "Slavery and Practices Similar to Slavery as Worst Forms of Child Labour: A Comment on Article 3(A) of ILO Convention 182" in Child Labour in a Globalized World, Giuseppe Nesi, Luca Nogler, and Marco Pertile, eds.
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From page 89... ...
17 International Labor Organization, The End of Child Labour: Within reach, Global Report under the follow-up to the ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work, International Labour Conference, 95th Session 2006, Report I (B)
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From page 90... ...
While these data are indeed useful to get a big picture view of child labor, a question is the degree to which these approaches are helpful vis-à-vis business practices to eliminate child or forced labor in specific situations. economic activity is, see: Amy Ritualo, Charita Castro and Sarah Gormly, "Measuring Child Labor: Implications for Policy and Program Design", Comparative Labor Law & Policy Journal v.
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