Ecosystem Concepts for Sustainable Bivalve Mariculture (2010) / Chapter Skim
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2 Best Management Practices and Performance Standards
2 Best Management Practices and Performance Standards
Pages 29-38
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From page 29... ...
. Best management practices (BMPs)
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From page 30... ...
can be focused on bivalve mariculture broadly and may not have to address each location, species, and culture technique separately. However, given that the ability to quantify and measure ecological carrying capacity remains limited (see Chapter 5)
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From page 31... ...
at an appropriate ecosystem scale and from a performance standard perspective but to cast rules and regulations for growers in concrete, designstandard terms, especially where individual growers' production is small relative to local carrying capacity. ESTABLISHED PRACTICES AND STANDARDS FOR MOLLuSC FARMING BMPs dealing with environmental interactions seem to have been derived primarily from forestry and agricultural practices in response to concerns raised about soil erosion, nutrient loading, and waste outputs from feedlot operations.
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From page 32... ...
Department of Agriculture Regulator State of Virginia Advisory agency, regulator, and industry Pacific Coast Shellfish Growers Industry Association Seafish (UK) Regulator, industry, and advisory agency State of Massachusetts Industry, regulatory, and advisory agency Maryland Aquaculture Coordinating Industry, regulatory, and advisory agency Council Ireland Industry and advisory agency Florida Department of Agriculture and Regulator Consumer Services International Council for the International convention Exploration of the Sea Maine Aquaculture Association Industry National Oceanic and Atmospheric Regulatory Administration Creswell and McNevin (2008)
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From page 33... ...
BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND PERFORMANCE STANDARDS Scope Scale Reference Generic guidelines and International Boyd et al., 2008 environmental interactions Environmental interactions International World Wildlife Fund, 2008; 2009 Policy on organic certification National Belle et al., 2008 and environmental interactions Environmental interactions and State Oesterling and Luckenbach, 2008 permitting Policy and environmental Regional Pacific Coast Shellfish Growers interactions Association, 2001 Alien species interactions National Syvret et al., 2008 Environmental interactions, State (local) Leavitt, 2004 permitting, and husbandry Environmental interactions, State Maryland Aquaculture permitting, and husbandry Coordinating Council, 2007 advice Generic environmental National Irish Seas Fisheries Board, 2003 interactions Permitting and environmental State Bronson, 2007 interactions Alien species interactions International International Council for the Exploration of the Sea, 2005 Environmental interactions and State Maine Aquaculture Association, permitting 2006 Environmental interactions and National National Oceanic and Atmospheric policy Administration, 1998; Shumway and Kraeuter, 2000 Generic guidelines, International Creswell and McNevin, 2008 environmental interactions, and husbandry
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From page 34... ...
This is especially true given the variety of methods used to culture bivalve molluscs and the range of environmental conditions under which the culture operations are carried out. The implementation of a BMP or a code of practice is no guarantee of success (i.e., to maintain or improve environmental conditions)
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From page 35... ...
uSEFuL CHARACTERISTICS OF BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND STANDARDS BMPs or performance standards are intended to limit the risk of undesirable ecological effects to an acceptable level. BMPs are often general and can be cast as design standards, which may or may not be enforceable by legal or regulatory means.
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From page 36... ...
In many settings, the local or regional public managers are best positioned to consider the effects of mariculture at the relevant ecosystem level and can focus on carrying capacity issues at that scale from a performance standard perspective to ensure that ecological effects remain within acceptable limits. They can then translate these ecosystem-scale performance standards into con crete design-standard terms akin to BMPs for growers, especially where individual growers' production is small relative to ecosystem carrying capacity.
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From page 37... ...
should be developed and implemented at the ecosystem level because they can be applied to bivalve mariculture more generally with adjustments for the spe cific conditions of each mariculture operation, species, and culture technique. Recommendation: Management of bivalve mariculture should employ performance standards to address carrying capacity concerns at the scale of the water basin but may find the use of BMPs to be more practical and efficient at the local scale, especially where the industry consists of large numbers of small growers.
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