Bridging the Evidence Gap in Obesity Prevention A Framework to Inform Decision Making (2010) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
Appendix A: Acronyms and Glossary
Appendix A: Acronyms and Glossary
Pages 207-222
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 207... ...
A Acronyms and Glossary ACRONYMS AIDS Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ASSIST American Stop Smoking Intervention Study for Cancer Prevention BMI Body mass index CBO Congressional Budget Office CBPR Community-based participatory research CDC U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention COCOMO Common Community Measures for Obesity Prevention COMMIT Community Intervention Trial for Smoking Cessation CONSORT Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials EBM Evidence-based medicine EBPH Evidence-based public health EBPP Evidence-based public policy FCC Federal Communications Commission GHG Greenhouse gas GRADE Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation HEALCP Healthy Eating Active Living Convergence Partnership HHS U.S.
|
From page 208... ...
Department of Agriculture USPSTF United States Preventive Services Task Force WHO World Health Organization WIC Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children Bridging the Evidence Gap in Obesity Prevention 0
|
From page 209... ...
÷ height (inches) 2 × 703 In adults, a body mass index (BMI)
|
From page 210... ...
A procedure used to collect data that describe the needs and strengths of a specific group, community, or population. Comparative effectiveness research Research involving the generation and synthesis of evidence that compares the benefits and harms of alternative methods for preventing, diagnosing, treating, and monitoring health conditions in a real-world setting.
|
From page 211... ...
Decision maker In this report, refers to any individual who makes a decision to implement an inter vention affecting obesity prevention or another public health problem. Examples of decision makers are state legislators, mayors, public health officials, city council mem bers, school board members, employers, and community organization officials.
|
From page 212... ...
Evidence-based medicine The conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of current best evidence in making deci sions about the care of individual patients. The practice of evidence-based medicine means integrating individual clinical expertise with the best available external clinical evidence from systematic research.
|
From page 213... ...
Generalizability The extent to which the results produced by a particular intervention or set of inter ventions under specific conditions can be expected to produce similar findings in dif ferent settings or contexts with different populations. See also External validity.
|
From page 214... ...
A measure of whether an outcome is the result of an intervention. To support a cause-and-effect conclusion, an impact evaluation incorporates research methods that eliminate alternative explanations for an outcome and shows how much difference an intervention can make compared with the effect seen when no intervention is used.
|
From page 215... ...
Randomization is viewed as one of the best means of maximizing internal validity. Interrupted time series study A quantitative study in which the initial observations serve as a control, and after an intervention is introduced, the remaining observations are experimental.
|
From page 216... ...
Narrative review A process by which a body of literature is collected, reviewed, and summarized using unsystematic methods. Natural experiments Naturally occurring circumstances in which different populations are exposed or not exposed to a potentially causal factor such that the circumstances resemble a true experiment in which study participants are assigned to exposed and unexposed groups.
|
From page 217... ...
Overweight See Body mass index. Parallel evidence Evidence of the effectiveness of an intervention that is being considered to address a problem such as obesity prevention in addressing another public health issue using similar strategies.
|
From page 218... ...
Prevention With regard to obesity, primary prevention represents avoiding the occurrence of obe sity in a population, secondary prevention represents the early detection of disease through screening with the purpose of limiting its occurrence, and tertiary prevention involves preventing the sequelae of obesity in childhood and adulthood. Program An integrated set of planned strategies and activities that support clearly stated goals and objectives and lead to desirable changes and improvements in the well-being of people, institutions, environments, or all of these.
|
From page 219... ...
Reductionist research A model that approaches statements of causality by isolating, simplifying, and holding constant key conditions as an attempt is made to understand effects by controlling or removing all potential confounders. Regression discontinuity design A study design that requires assignment of participants to treatment or control groups based on whether they fall above or below a cutoff score on a variable measured prior to the treatment.
|
From page 220... ...
It enables stakeholders to combine input to form a dynamic hypothesis that uses com puter simulation to compare various scenarios for achieving change. Systematic review A review of a clearly formulated question that uses systematic and explicit methods to identify, select, and critically appraise relevant research and to collect and analyze data from the studies that are included in the review.
|
From page 221... ...
Translation The process of exchange between research and practice to foster the widespread dis semination of research results and enhance policy and practice initiatives. See also Knowledge translation.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.